Ukuhlanza ama-Forgingsinqubo yokususa amaphutha angaphezulu kweama-forgingsngokusebenzisa imishini noma amakhemikhali. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga eliphezulu leama-forgings, ngcono izimo zokusika zeama-forgingsfuthi kuvimbele ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu ukuthi kungakhuli, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlanzwe okungenalutho nokufogiwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yangaphezulu ye-forgings, ukuthuthukisa izimo zokusika ze-forging futhi kuvimbele ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu ukuthi kungakhuli, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza okungenalutho kanye nokufogwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Izinsalela zensimbi zivame ukuhlanzwa ngebhulashi lensimbi noma ithuluzi elilula ngaphambi kokuba zenziwe ngomgunyathi ngemva kokushisisa. I-billet enosayizi wesigaba esikhulu ingahlanzwa ngomjovo wamanzi anomfutho ophezulu. Isikhumba se-oxide esikhumbeni esibandayo singasuswa ngokukhetha noma ukuqhunyiswa. Isilinganiso se-oxide se-nonferrous alloy sincane, kodwa kufanele sicoliswe ngaphambi nangemuva kokufoja ukuze kutholwe futhi kususwe izinkinga ezingaphezulu ngesikhathi. Ukulimala okungaphezulu kwe-billet noma ukufoja ikakhulukazi imifantu, ukugoqa, ukuklwebheka kanye nokufaka. Lezi ziphambeko, uma zingasuswa ngesikhathi, zizodala imiphumela emibi ezinqubweni zokubumba ezilandelayo, ikakhulukazi ku-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-titanium nama-alloys awo. Amaphutha adalulwe ngemva kokucoshwa kwe-alloy forgings engashisi ngokuvamile ahlanzwa ngamafayela, ama-scrapers, i-grinder noma amathuluzi omoya, njll. Ukukhubazeka kwensimbi kuhlanzwa ngokuqotshwa, ukuqhunyiswa (ukudubula), ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu, i-roller, ukudlidliza nezinye izindlela.

Ukuhlanza i-Acid

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziswa ukususa i-oxide yensimbi. Ama-forging amancane namaphakathi ngokuvamile afakwa kubhasikidi ngamaqoqo futhi aqedwe ngezinqubo ezimbalwa ezinjengokukhipha uwoyela, ukucosha nokugqwala, ukuwasha nokuwomisa. Indlela yokukhetha inezici zokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, umphumela omuhle wokuhlanza, akukho deformation of forgings kanye nesimo esingenamkhawulo. Enqubweni yokukhetha ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, akunakugwenywa ukukhiqiza amagesi ayingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube khona idivayisi yokukhipha umoya ekamelweni lokukhetha. Ukukha ama-forgings ensimbi ahlukene kufanele kube ngokuya ngezakhiwo zensimbi ukukhetha isilinganiso esihlukile se-asidi nokubunjwa, inqubo yokukhetha ehambisanayo (izinga lokushisa, isikhathi kanye nendlela yokuhlanza) kufanele yamukelwe.

Ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi (ukudutshulwa) nokuhlanza ukuqhuma kwesibhamu

Ukuqhuma kwesihlabathi (ukudutshulwa) okuqhutshwa umoya ocindezelwe kwenza isihlabathi noma isibhamu sokudubula sihambe ngesivinini esikhulu (ukucindezela kokusebenza kokuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi ngu-0.2-0.3mpa, futhi ukucindezela kokusebenza kokudubula kungu-0.5-0.6mpa), okufuthwa indawo yokubumba ukuze kusule isikali se-oxide. Ukudubula kuncike emandleni amaphakathi omshini ozungezayo ngesivinini esikhulu (2000 ~ 30001r/min) ukuze udubule isibhamu sensimbiindawo yokuqambaukususa isikali se-oxide. Uthuli lokuhlanza ukuqhuma kwesihlabathi, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphansi, izindleko eziphezulu, okusetshenziselwa izidingo ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zokubumba (njengensimbi engagqwali, ingxubevange ye-titanium), kodwa kufanele kusetshenziswe izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezisebenzayo zokususa uthuli. I-shot peening ihlanzekile uma kuqhathaniswa, kukhona futhi nebubi bokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko eziphezulu, kodwa izinga lokuhlanza liphezulu. I-shot blasting isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo kokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa okuphansi.

Ukudubula nokuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu akukwazi nje ukususa isikhumba se-oxide, kodwa futhi kwenza ubuso bokubumba busebenze kanzima, okuzuzisa ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nokukhathala kwezingxenye. Ngokwenza izinto ngemuva kokucisha noma ukucisha kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa, umphumela wokuqina wokusebenza ubaluleke kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa isibhamu esikhulu sensimbi, ubulukhuni bunganyuswa ngo-30% ~ 40%, futhi ukushuba kongqimba oluqinile bungafinyelela ku-0.3 ~ 0.5 mm. Ekukhiqizeni, ukudubula kwensimbi ngezinto ezihlukene kanye nosayizi wokusanhlamvu kufanele kukhethwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zempahla kanye nezobuchwepheshe ze-forgings. Uma ama-forging ahlanzwa ngokuqhumisa (ukudubula) nokudubula, ukuqhekeka komhlaba nokunye ukonakala kungase kufihlwe, okungase kubangele ukungabikho kokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezinjengokuhlola kazibuthe noma ukuhlolwa kwe-fluorescence (bona ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba namakhemikhali kweziphambeko) ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukonakala okungaphezulu kwe-forging.

ukuwa

Kusigubhu esijikelezayo, ama-forging ayagxotshwa noma agaywe ukuze asuse isikhumba se-oxide nama-burrs kucezu lokusebenza. Le ndlela yokuhlanza isebenzisa imishini elula futhi elula, kodwa inomsindo. Ifanele ama-forging amancane naphakathi nendawo angaba nomthelela othile kodwa angakhubazeki kalula. Irola ihlanzekile ngaphandle kwama-abrasive, kuphela ngamabhulokhi ensimbi angunxantathu noma amabhola ensimbi anobubanzi obungu-10 ~ 30mm ngaphandle kwama-abrasive, ikakhulukazi ngokuthintana ukuze kuhlanzwe isikali se-oxide. Okunye ukufaka okunukayo njengesihlabathi se-quartz, isondo lokugaya i-scrap, i-sodium carbonate, amanzi anensipho nezinye izithasiselo, ikakhulukazi ngokugaya ukuze kuhlanzeke.

Ukuhlanza ukudlidliza

Ingxenye ethile yama-abrasives kanye nezithasiselo ixutshwa ku-forging futhi ifakwe esitsheni esidlidlizayo. Ngokudlidliza kwesitsha, i-workpiece kanye ne-abrasive iphansi ngokulinganayo, futhi isikhumba se-oxide nama-burrs ebusweni be-forgings kuphansi. Le ndlela yokuhlanza ilungele ukuhlanza nokupholisha ama-forging amancane naphakathi anembayo.