Ukuqamba--ukubunjwa kwensimbi nge-deformation yepulasitiki--ihlanganisa inqwaba yemishini namasu. Ukwazi okuhlukahlukeneimisebenzi yokuqambakanye nokugeleza kwensimbi okuyisici ngasinye esikhiqizayo kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukwakheka kokubumba.
Hammer futhi Cindezela Forging
Ngokuvamile, izingxenye ezibunjiwe zenziwe ngesando noma ngokucindezela. Ukufoshela isando kwenziwa ngokulandelana kokuvelayo kusetshenziswa amagalelo aphindaphindiwe. Ikhwalithi ye-forging, kanye nomnotho kanye nokukhiqiza kwenqubo yesando kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi nekhono lomsebenzisi. Ukuvela kwezando ezihlelekayo kubangele ukuncika okuncane komsebenzisi kanye nokuvumelana kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe. Emshinini wokunyathelisa, isitoko sivame ukushaywa kanye kuphela kumbono ngamunye we-die, futhi ukwakheka kombono ngamunye kuba okubaluleke kakhulu kuyilapho ikhono lomsebenzisi lingabalulekile kangako.