Forgings ukucocayinkqubo yokususa iziphene zomhlabaforgingsngoomatshini okanye ngemichiza. Ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho womphezulu weforgings, ukuphucula iimeko zokusika zeforgingskunye nokuthintela iziphene ezingaphezulu ekwandiseni, kuyafuneka ukuba kuhlambuluke into engenanto kunye ne-forgings nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokuvelisa imveliso.

Ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho wobume be-forgings, ukuphucula iimeko zokusika i-forgings kunye nokuthintela iziphene zomhlaba ekwandiseni, kuyafuneka ukuba kuhlanjululwe into engenanto kunye ne-forgings nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokuvelisa. Iintsimbi zentsimbi zivame ukucocwa ngebrashi yensimbi okanye isixhobo esilula ngaphambi kokuba zenziwe emva kokufudumeza. I-billet enobungakanani becandelo elikhulu inokucocwa ngesitofu samanzi soxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ulusu lwe-oxide kwi-forgings ebandayo lunokususwa ngokukhethwa okanye ukuqhuma. Isikali se-oxide se-nonferrous alloy sincinci, kodwa kufuneka sivuthwe ngaphambi nasemva kokubunjwa ukufumana kunye nokucoca iziphene zomhlaba ngexesha. Iziphene ezingaphezulu kwebillet okanye i-forging ikakhulu i-cracks, i-folds, i-scratches kunye ne-inclusions. Ezi ziphene, ukuba azisuswanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ziya kubangela imiphumo emibi kwiinkqubo zokubumba ezilandelayo, ngakumbi kwi-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-titanium kunye ne-alloys yazo. Iziphene eziveziweyo emva kokucholwa kwe-alloy forgings nonferrous zihlanjululwa ngokubanzi ngeefayile, i-scrapers, i-grinder okanye izixhobo ze-pneumatic, njl. Iziphene zentsimbi yentsimbi zicocwa ngokukhethwa, ukuqhuma (ukudubula), ukudutyulwa, i-roller, vibration kunye nezinye iindlela.

Ukucoca i-Acid

I-chemical reaction isetyenziselwa ukususa i-oxide yensimbi. I-forging encinci kunye nephakathi idla ngokufakwa kwibhaskithi kwiibhetshi kwaye igqitywe ngeenkqubo ezininzi ezifana nokususwa kweoli, ukucolwa kunye nokugqwala, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokomisa. Indlela ye-pickling ineempawu zemveliso ephezulu yokuvelisa, isiphumo esihle sokucoca, akukho deformation of forgings kunye nemilo engenamkhawulo. Kwinkqubo yokukhetha ukusabela kweekhemikhali, akunakuphepheka ukuvelisa iigesi ezinobungozi kumzimba womntu. Ke ngoko, kwigumbi lokuhlambela kufuneka kubekho isixhobo sokukhupha. I-Pickling forgings yentsimbi ehlukeneyo kufuneka ibe ngokweempawu zetsimbi ukukhetha umlinganiselo we-asidi kunye nokwakheka okungafaniyo, inkqubo yokuchola ehambelanayo (ubushushu, ixesha kunye nendlela yokucoca) kufuneka yamkelwe.

Ukuqhushumba kwesanti (ukudubula) kunye nokudubula ukucoca ukuqhuma

Ukuqhushumba kwesanti (ukudutyulwa) okuqhutywa ngumoya ocinezelweyo kwenza isanti okanye ukudubula kwentsimbi kuhambe ngesantya esiphezulu (uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lokuqhushumba kwesanti yi-0.2-0.3mpa, kwaye uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lokudutyulwa kokudubula yi-0.5-0.6mpa), efafazwa kwi- umphezulu wobumba ukucima isikali seoksidi. Ukudubula kokudubula kuxhomekeke kumandla we-centrifugal we-impeller ejikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu (2000 ~ 30001r/min) ukudubula intsimbi yentsimbiumphezulu wokwakhaukukhupha isikali se-oxide. Uthuli lokucoca uthuli lwesanti, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ixabiso eliphezulu, elisetyenziselwa iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zobugcisa kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo zokubumba (ezifana nensimbi engenasici, i-titanium alloy), kodwa kufuneka isebenzise amanyathelo obuchwepheshe bokususa uthuli. I-shot peening icocekile ngokwentelekiso, kukwakho nezingeloncedo kwimveliso ephantsi kunye neendleko eziphezulu, kodwa umgangatho wokucoca uphezulu. Ukudubula kwe-shot kusetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphantsi.

I-shot peening kunye ne-dut blasting ayikwazi ukususa kuphela ulusu lwe-oxide, kodwa yenza umphezulu wokwenza umsebenzi onzima, oluncedo ekuphuculeni amandla okulwa nokudinwa kwamalungu. Ukulungisa emva kokucima okanye ukucima kunye nonyango lokufudumala, umphumo wokuqina osebenzayo ubaluleke ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa ukudubula okukhulu kwentsimbi, ubunzima bunokwandiswa nge-30% ~ 40%, kwaye ubukhulu obuqinileyo bunokufikelela kwi-0.3 ~ 0.5 mm. Kwimveliso, ukudubula kwentsimbi kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obuziinkozo kufuneka kukhethwe ngokwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neemfuno zobugcisa bokubumba. Ukuba iintsinga zicocwe ngokuqhushumba (kudutyulwe) kunye nokuqhushumba kweentanda, iintanda zomphezulu kunye nezinye iziphene zinokufihlwa, ezinokuthi zibangele lula uhlolo olungekhoyo. Ke ngoko, iindlela ezinje ngokuhlolwa kwemagnethi okanye uvavanyo lwe-fluorescence (jonga uvavanyo lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zeziphene) ziyafuneka ukujonga iziphene zomphezulu wokwenza.

ukuwa

Kwi-drum ejikelezayo, i-forgings i-bumped okanye umhlaba ukususa isikhumba se-oxide kunye ne-burrs kwi-workpiece. Le ndlela yokucoca isebenzisa izixhobo ezilula nezifanelekileyo, kodwa inomsindo. Ifanelekile kwifogi ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ezinokuthwala impembelelo ethile kodwa zingakhubazeki ngokulula. I-roller icocekile ngaphandle kwe-abrasives, kuphela ngeebhloko zetsimbi ezinxantathu okanye iibhola zetsimbi ezinobubanzi be-10 ~ 30mm ngaphandle kwe-abrasives, ngokukodwa ngempembelelo efanayo yokucoca isikali se-oxide. Enye kukongeza i-abrasive efana nesanti yequartz, ivili lokugaya i-scrap, i-sodium carbonate, amanzi anesepha kunye nezinye izongezo, ngakumbi ngokusila ukucoca.

Ukucoca ukungcangcazela

Umlinganiselo othile we-abrasives kunye ne-additives uxutywe kwi-forgings kwaye ufakwe kwi-container vibrating. Ngokushukuma kwesitya, i-workpiece kunye ne-abrasive iphantsi ngokulinganayo, kunye nesikhumba se-oxide kunye ne-burrs phezu kobuso be-forgings. Le ndlela yokucoca ifanelekile ukucoca kunye nokupolisha iifogi ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ezichanekileyo.