ʻO ka loiloi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pilikia maikaʻi he hana paʻakikī a nui loa, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e like me ke kumu o nā hemahema, ke kuleana o nā hemahema, a me kahi o nā hemahema, no laila pono e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou.

(1) E like me ke kaʻina hana a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i nā hemahema, aia nā hemahema maikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau, nā hemahema maikaʻi i ka hana forging a me nā hemahema maikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana wela.

1) Nā hemahema i hana ʻia e nā mea maka. (1) Nā hemahema o ka forgings i hana ʻia e nā mea maka: māwae, māwae, shrinkage puka, wehe, haumia, hoʻokaʻawale, scarring, bubbles, slag hoʻokomo, one lua, peʻa, scratches, non-metallic inclusions, keʻokeʻo a me nā hemahema; (2) ʻO nā māwae lōʻihi a i ʻole transverse, interlayers a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hemahema o nā mea maka i ka wā o ka hana ʻana; (3) Aia nā pilikia i ka haku melemele o nā mea maka.

2) ʻO nā hemahema i hana ʻia e ka blanking, ʻo ia hoʻi: ka ʻili hope ʻino, ka ʻili o ka hopena a me ka lawa ʻole ka lōʻihi, ka māwae hope, ka burr a me ka interlayer, etc.

3) ʻO nā hemahema i hana ʻia e ka hoʻomehana ʻana, ʻo ia ka haki ʻana, oxidation a me ka decarburization, overheating, over-burning a uneven heat, etc.

4) Nā hemahema i lokoke kalaiwa anae komo pū me nā māwae, nā peʻa, nā lua hope, lawa ʻole ka nui a me ke ʻano, a me nā hemahema o ka ʻili, a pēlā aku.

5) Nā hemahema i hana ʻia e ka hoʻoilo a me ka mālama wela ma hopehoʻopili pū ʻia: māwae a me kahi keʻokeʻo, deformation, hardness discrepancy or coarse grain, etc.

(2) E like me ke kuleana no nā hemahema

1) ʻO ka maikaʻi e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana forging a me ka hoʻolālā mea hana - ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā (pono o ka hoʻolālā forging). Ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i ka hana, e hoʻololi nā ʻenekinia a me nā ʻenehana i nā kiʻi huahana i lokokalai kii, hana i nā hoʻolālā kaʻina hana, nā mea hana hoʻolālā a me ka debug i ka hana. Ua mākaukau nā ʻenehana hana a pau ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka hana maʻamau. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kaʻina hana a me nā mea hana a me ka maikaʻi o ke kōmike ʻana o nā mea hana e pili pono i ka maikaʻi forging.

2) ʻO ka maikaʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻokele forging -- ka maikaʻi hoʻokele.Ke kalaiwa anahemahema maikaʻi ma muli o ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka lako a me ka pilikia pili kaʻina hana. Hiki i kēlā me kēia loulou i ke kaʻina hana forging ke hoʻopili i nā kumu kumu maikaʻi. No laila, pono e hoʻomalu i nā loulou hana a pau mai ke koho ʻana i nā mea maka a hiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela post-forging e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.

3) ʻO ka maikaʻi e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana hana -- hana maikaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hemahema maikaʻi ma muli o ka hana ʻole a i ʻole ke kuleana nāwaliwali o ka mea hoʻohana.

4) Ka maikaʻi pili ike kaʻina hana ʻike forging-- maikaʻi nānā. Pono nā limahana nānā e hoʻokō i ka nānā koʻikoʻi a me ka noʻonoʻo e pale i ka nalo ʻana.

(3) E like me ka wahi o nā hemahema, aia nā hemahema o waho, nā hemahema o loko a me nā hemahema o ka ʻili.

1) ʻO ka nui a me ka hoʻokaʻawale kaumaha: (1) Pono e mālama ʻia ka palena ʻoki i ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka hōʻoia ʻana e hiki ke hana ʻia ka forging i nā ʻāpana kūpono; (2) Ana, kinona a me ke kūlana pololei, pili i ka forgings waho ana a me ke kinona a me ke kūlana i aeia deviation; Wehe kaumaha.

2) ʻO ka maikaʻi intrinsic: nā koi e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā metallographic, ikaika a paʻakikī paha o ka forgings ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela (ʻoiai ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia kekahi mau forgings i ka mālama wela, akā aia kekahi mau koi kūpono), a me nā mea e pili ana i nā hemahema maikaʻi ʻē aʻe.

3) ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili: pili i nā hemahema o ka ʻili, ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka mālama anti-rust o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻāpana.

mai: 168 hoʻohalahala