1. Amandla okukhiqiza wei-flange
Ingabe umkhawulo isivuno metal material lapho isivuno kwenzeka, okungukuthi, ukucindezeleka ukumelana deformation microplastic. Ngezinto zensimbi ezingenasici esicacile sokukhiqiza, umkhawulo wesivuno uchazwa njengenani lokucindezeleka lika-0.2% we-residual deformation, okubizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo wesivuno esinemibandela noma amandla okukhiqiza.
Amandla angaphandle amakhulu kunamandla esivuno azokwenza izingxenye zingavumelekile unomphela futhi zingalungiseki. Uma umkhawulo wokukhiqiza wensimbi ephansi ye-carbon engama-207MPa, lapho mkhulu kunalo mkhawulo ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, izingxenye zizokhiqiza ukuguqulwa okungapheli, ngaphansi kwalokhu, izingxenye zizobuyisela ukubukeka kwangempela.
(1) Okwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinomphumela osobala wesivuno, amandla esivuno ukucindezeleka endaweni yokukhiqiza (inani lesivuno);
(2) Okwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingenakho ukwenzeka kwesivuno esisobala, ingcindezi lapho ukuchezuka komkhawulo kobudlelwano bomugqa phakathi kwengcindezi nobunzima kufinyelela inani elishiwo (ngokuvamile u-0.2% webanga lesikali sokuqala). Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izakhiwo zemishini nemishini yezinto eziqinile, futhi ingumkhawulo wangempela wokusetshenziswa kwempahla. Ngoba ekucindezelweni kudlula umkhawulo wesivuno sezinto ezibonakalayo ngemuva kwentamo, ubunzima buyanda, ukuze umonakalo wezinto ezibonakalayo, ungasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile. Lapho ukucindezeleka kudlula umkhawulo wokunwebeka futhi kungena esigabeni sokukhiqiza, ukuguqulwa kwanda ngokushesha, okungakhiqizi kuphela ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic kodwa futhi ingxenye ye-plastic deformation. Lapho ukucindezeleka kufinyelela iphuzu B, uhlobo lwepulasitiki lukhula kakhulu futhi ukucindezeleka-ukucindezeleka kushintshashintsha kancane, okubizwa ngokuthi isivuno. Ukucindezelwa okukhulu kanye nengcindezi encane kulesi sigaba kubizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti lesivuno esiphezulu kanye nephuzu lokukhiqiza eliphansi ngokulandelana. Njengoba inani lephuzu eliphansi lesivuno lizinzile, libizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti lokukhiqiza noma amandla esivuno (ReL noma i-Rp0.2) njengenkomba yokumelana nezinto.
Enye insimbi (njengensimbi yensimbi ephezulu) ngaphandle kwesenzo esisobala sesivuno, ngokuvamile ngokuvela kwe-trace plastic deformation (0.2%) yokucindezeleka njengamandla okukhiqiza ensimbi, eyaziwa ngokuthi amandla anemibandela esivuno.

2. Ukuzimisela kwei-flangeveza amandla
Amandla e-elongation ashiwo angalingani noma ukucindezeleka kwe-elongation eshiwo eshiwo kufanele kulinganiswe ngezinto zensimbi ngaphandle kwesenzakalo esicacile sesivuno, kuyilapho amandla esivuno, amandla aphezulu esivuno namandla aphansi esivuno angalinganiswa ngezinto zensimbi ezinomphumela osobala wesivuno. Ngokuvamile, amandla esivuno kuphela akalwa.
3. i-flangekhiqiza izinga lamandla
(1) Ukucindezelwa okuphezulu kakhulu kumkhawulo wokulinganisa wokucindezela ijika, okuhambisana nobudlelwano bomugqa, kuvame ukumelwa ngu-σ P emhlabeni. Lapho ukucindezeleka kudlula u-σ P, impahla ibhekwa njengekhiqizayo. Kunamazinga amathathu esivuno avame ukusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wokwakha:
(2) Umkhawulo we-Elastic Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu ukuthi impahla ingalulama ngokugcwele ngemva kokulayishwa ngemva kokulayisha, ingathathi ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo okusele njengendinganiso. Emazweni ngamazwe, kuvame ukuvezwa njenge-ReL. Okubalulekile kubhekwa njengokuthela lapho ingcindezi idlula i-ReL.
(3) Amandla esivuno asekelwe enguqukweni ethile eyinsalela. Isibonelo, ukucindezeleka kwe-residual deformation engu-0.2% kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengamandla esivuno, futhi uphawu luyi-Rp0.2.
4. Izinto ezithinta amandla esivuno sei-flange
(1) Izici zangaphakathi yilezi: inhlanganisela, inhlangano, isakhiwo, imvelo ye-athomu.
(2) Izici zangaphandle zihlanganisa izinga lokushisa, izinga lokucindezeleka nesimo sokucindezeleka.
I-φ iyiyunithi evamile, ibhekisela kububanzi bamapayipi nendololwane, insimbi nezinye izinto, kungashiwo ukuthi kuwububanzi, njengokuthi φ 609.6mm ibhekisela kububanzi obungu-609.6mm.