Ama-castings amakhulu futhiama-forgingsidlala indima ebalulekile ekwenziweni kwamathuluzi emishini, ekwakhiweni kwezimoto, ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, esiteshini sikagesi, embonini yezikhali, ekwenziweni kwensimbi nensimbi neminye imikhakha. Njengezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu, zinevolumu enkulu nesisindo, futhi ubuchwepheshe babo nokucubungula kuyinkimbinkimbi. Inqubo evame ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuncibilikisa ingot,ukuqambanoma ukuncibilika kabusha, ngokusebenzisa umshini wokushisa we-high-frequency ukuze uthole usayizi womumo odingekayo kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimo zayo zesevisi. Ngenxa yezici zayo zobuchwepheshe bokucutshungulwa, kunamakhono athile okusebenza okuthola amaphutha e-ultrasonic wokusakaza kanye nezingxenye zokubumba.
I. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic kokusakazwa
Ngenxa yosayizi wokusanhlamvu omahhadla, ukungakwazi ukungena kahle komsindo kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi sesignali-kuya-nomsindo sokulingisa, kunzima ukuthola amaphutha ngokusebenzisa insimbi yomsindo enamandla omsindo ayimvamisa ephezulu ekusakazweni kokusakaza, uma ihlangana nengaphakathi. ubuso noma isici, isici sitholakala. Inani lamandla omsindo abonisiwe liwumsebenzi wokuqondisa kanye nezakhiwo zendawo engaphakathi noma isici kanye nokubambezeleka kwe-acoustic kwalowo mzimba okhanyayo. Ngakho-ke, amandla omsindo abonisiwe wokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene noma izindawo zangaphakathi zingasetshenziswa ukuthola indawo yeziphambeko, ukushuba kodonga noma ukujula kokukhubazeka ngaphansi kobuso. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic njengendlela yokuhlola esetshenziswa kabanzi engonakalisi, izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko yilezi: ukuzwela okuphezulu, kungathola imifantu emihle; Inomthamo omkhulu wokungena, ikwazi ukubona ukusakazwa kwezigaba eziwugqinsi. Imikhawulo yayo eyinhloko yilena elandelayo: kunzima ukuhumusha i-waveform ebonisiwe yokunqanyulwa kwesici esinosayizi oyinkimbinkimbi wekhonta kanye nokungaqondi kahle; Izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezingafuneki, ezifana nosayizi wokusanhlamvu, i-microstructure, i-porosity, okuqukethwe okufakiwe noma izimvula ezinhle ezihlakazekile, nazo zivimbela ukuchazwa kwe-waveform. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ireferensi yamabhulokhi wokuhlola ajwayelekile iyadingeka.

2.forging ultrasonic inspection
(1)Ukucubungula ukuqambakanye namaphutha avamile
Forgingszenziwe ngensimbi eshisayo ingot deformed byukuqamba. Iinqubo yokuqambakuhlanganisa ukufudumeza, ukubola kanye nokupholisa.Forgingsamaphutha angahlukaniswa abe amaphutha wokuphonsa,ukuqamba amaphuthakanye nokukhubazeka kokwelashwa kokushisa. Amaphutha okusakaza ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa insalela yokuncipha, ukuxega, ukufakwa, ukuqhekeka nokunye.Amaphutha okudalaikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukugoqa, indawo emhlophe, crack nokunye. Isici esiyinhloko sokwelashwa kokushisa ukuqhekeka.
I-Shrinkage cavity residual i-shrinkage cavity ku-ingot ekuqiniseni lapho ikhanda linganele ukuba lihlale, kuvame kakhulu ekugcineni kokufogetha.
Okuxekethile kuyinto shrinkage ukuqina ingot kwakhiwa in the ingot akuyona aminyene futhi izimbobo, forging ngenxa yokuntuleka forging isilinganiso futhi hhayi ziyoncibilika ngokugcwele, ikakhulukazi esikhungweni ingot kanye nekhanda. e
Ukufakwa kunokufakwa kwangaphakathi, ukufakwa kwangaphandle okungeyona insimbi kanye nokufakwa kwensimbi. I-inclusions yangaphakathi igxile kakhulu phakathi nendawo kanye nenhloko ye-ingot.
Imifantu ihlanganisa imifantu yokuphonsa, imifantu yokubumba kanye nemifantu yokwelapha ukushisa. Ukuqhekeka kwe-Intergranular ensimbi ye-austenitic kubangelwa ukubunjwa. Ukubunjwa okungalungile nokwelashwa kokushisa kuzokwakha imifantu ebusweni noma enkabeni ye-forging.
Iphuzu elimhlophe liwukuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ephezulu kwezimbobo, kuphole ngokushesha kakhulu ngemva kokufojwa, i-hydrogen encibilikisiwe ensimbi sekwephuze kakhulu ukubaleka, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okubangelwa ingcindezi eyeqile. Amachashaza amhlophe agxile kakhulu phakathi nendawo yengxenye enkulu ye-forging. Amachashazi amhlophe ahlala avela kumaqoqo ensimbi. * x- H9 [:
(2) Uhlolojikelele lwezindlela zokubona amaphutha
Ngokuya ngesigaba sesikhathi sokuthola amaphutha, ukutholwa kwamaphutha okubumba kungahlukaniswa kube ukutholwa kwamaphutha wempahla eluhlaza kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwesevisi.
Inhloso yokuthola amaphutha ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ukuthola amaphutha kusenesikhathi ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo kusenesikhathi ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwanda kweziphambeko eziholela ekulalweni. Inhloso yokuhlolwa komkhiqizo ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Inhloso yokuhlolwa emsebenzini wukugada amaphutha okungenzeka noma athuthuke ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi imifantu yokukhathala. + 1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-shaft forgings
Inqubo yokwenza ama-shaft forgings isekelwe kakhulu ekudwebeni, ngakho-ke ukuqondiswa kweziphambeko eziningi kuhambisana ne-eksisi. Umthelela wokuthola iziphambeko ezinjalo ungcono kakhulu nge-longitudinal wave straight probe ukusuka ekuqondeni kweradial. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi amaphutha azoba nokunye ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuma kwawo, ngakho-ke ukutholwa kwamaphutha ku-shaft, kufanele futhi kwengezwe ngokutholwa kwe-axial ye-straight probe kanye nokutholwa kwe-oblique probe circumferential kanye nokutholwa kwe-axial.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwamakhekhe nezitsha zokufogina
Inqubo yokwenza amakhekhe nezitsha zokufogina iyacasula kakhulu, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kweziphambeko kuhambisana nobuso bokugcina, ngakho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola amaphutha ngophenyo oluqondile ebusweni bokuphela.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwama-cylinder forgings
Inqubo yokwenza ama-cylinder forgings iyacasula, ishaya futhi iyagingqika. Ngakho-ke, ukuqondiswa kweziphambeko kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-shaft ne-cake forgings. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye emaphakathi yengot yekhwalithi embi kakhulu isusiwe lapho kushaywa, ikhwalithi yamasilinda forgings ngokuvamile iba ngcono. I-orientation eyinhloko yamaphutha isahambisana ne-cylindrical surface ngaphandle kwesilinda, ngakho-ke ama-cylindrical forgings asatholwa ikakhulukazi nge-probe eqondile, kodwa kuma-cylindrical forgings anezindonga eziwugqinsi, i-oblique probe kufanele yengezwe.
(3) Ukukhethwa kwezimo zokutholwa
Ukukhetha uphenyo
Forgingsukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-longitudinal wave direct probe, usayizi we-wafer ongu-φ 14 ~ φ 28mm, ovame ukusetshenziswa φ 20mm. Ngobaizicathulo ezincane, i-chip probe ngokuvamile isetshenziswa uma kucatshangelwa indawo eseduze nokulahlekelwa kokuhlanganisa. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuze kutholwe amaphutha nge-engeli ethile yendawo yokuthola, futhi ingasebenzisa inani elithile lika-K le-probe ethambekele ukuze kutholwe. Ngenxa yethonya lendawo eyimpumputhe kanye nendawo eseduze yensimu ye-probe eqondile, i-double crystal probe eqondile ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola amaphutha aseduze.
Izinhlamvu zama-forging ngokuvamile zincane, ngakho-ke imvamisa yokuthola amaphutha ephezulu ingakhethwa, ngokuvamile i-2.5 ~ 5.0mhz. Kuma-forging ambalwa anosayizi wokusanhlamvu omahhadlahhadla kanye nokuncipha okukhulu, ukuze kugwenywe "i-echo yehlathi" futhi kuthuthukiswe isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-nomsindo, imvamisa ephansi, ngokuvamile engu-1.0 ~ 2.5mhz, kufanele kukhethwe.