Ukwakhiwa kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Hlukanisa ngokuvumelana nokubekwa kwamathuluzi okukhanga kanye nesikhunta.

2. Ihlukaniswa ngokufaka izinga lokushisa lokwakha.

3. Hlukanisa ngokwendlela ehambisanayo yokunyakaza yamathuluzi okubumba nezinto zokusebenza.

Ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokubumba kuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwempahla eluhlaza, ukubalwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusika, ukufudumeza, ukubalwa kwamandla okuguqula, ukukhethwa kwemishini, kanye nomklamo wesikhunta. Ngaphambi kokubumba, kuyadingeka ukukhetha indlela enhle yokugcoba kanye ne-lubricant.

Izinto zokubumba zihlanganisa ububanzi obuningi, okuhlanganisa amamaki ahlukahlukene ensimbi nama-alloys ashisa kakhulu, kanye nezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni njenge-aluminium, i-magnesium, nethusi; Kukhona kokubili izinduku namaphrofayili osayizi abahlukene acutshungulwe kanye, kanye nama-ingots wokucaciswa okuhlukahlukene; Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa kakhulu izinto ezikhiqizwa ekhaya ezifanele izinsiza zezwe lethu, kukhona nezinto ezivela phesheya. Izinto eziningi ezifojiwe sezivele zibaliwe kumazinga kazwelonke. Kukhona nezinto eziningi ezintsha ezithuthukisiwe, zahlolwa, futhi zakhuthazwa. Njengoba kwaziwa, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ivame ukuhlobene eduze nekhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, izisebenzi zomgunyathi kumele zibe nolwazi oluningi nolujulile lwezinto zokwakha futhi zikwazi ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kakhulu ngokwezidingo zenqubo.

Ukubalwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokusika kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto kanye nokuzuza izikhala ezicwengisisiwe. Izinto ezeqisayo azigcini nje ngokubangela ukumosha, kodwa futhi zandisa ukuguga kwesikhunta kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Uma kungekho imajini encane esele ngesikhathi sokusika, kuzokwandisa ubunzima bokulungiswa kwenqubo futhi kwandise izinga le-scrap. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yobuso bokuphela kokusika nayo inomthelela enqubweni kanye nekhwalithi yokubumba.

Inhloso yokushisa ukunciphisa ukubumba amandla okuguqula nokuthuthukisa ipulasitiki yensimbi. Kodwa ukufudumeza nakho kuletha uchungechunge lwezinkinga, ezifana ne-oxidation, i-decarburization, ukushisa ngokweqile, nokushiswa ngokweqile. Ukulawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa lokuqala nelokugcina lokubumba kunomthelela omkhulu kusakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo zomkhiqizo. Ukushisa kwesithando somlilo kunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinamandla, kodwa isikhathi sokushisa side, esithambekele ku-oxidation kanye ne-decarburization, futhi izimo zokusebenza nazo zidinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ukushisa kwe-induction kunezinzuzo zokushisisa okusheshayo kanye ne-oxidation encane, kodwa ukuguquguquka kwakho ekushintsheni komumo womkhiqizo, usayizi, kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo kubi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenqubo yokushisisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okukhiqiza ukukhiqiza futhi kufanele kwaziswe ngokugcwele.

Ukuqamba kukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ukubala okulungile kwamandla we-deformation kuyisisekelo sokukhetha imishini kanye nokwenza ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhunta. Ukwenza ukuhlaziya kokucindezeleka ngaphakathi komzimba okhubazekile nakho kubalulekile ekwenzeni inqubo nokulawula i-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo ze-forging. Kunezindlela ezine eziyinhloko zokuhlaziya amandla okuguqula. Nakuba indlela yokucindezeleka eyinhloko ingeqinile kakhulu, ilula futhi inembile. Ingakwazi ukubala ukucindezela okuphelele nokusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza nethuluzi, futhi ingabona ngokunembile umthelela we-aspect ratio kanye ne-friction coefficient ye-workpiece kuyo; Indlela yomugqa wokushelela iqinile ezinkingeni zobunzima bendiza futhi inikeza isixazululo esiqondakalayo sokusabalalisa ingcindezi ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokusebenza. Nokho, ukusebenza kwayo kuncane futhi akuvamile ukubikwa ezincwadini zakamuva; Indlela yesibopho esiphezulu inganikeza imithwalo elinganiselwa ngokweqile, kodwa ngokombono wezemfundo, ayiqini kakhulu futhi inganikeza ulwazi oluncane kakhulu kunendlela yesici esilinganiselwe, ngakho-ke ayikasetshenziswa kamuva nje; Indlela yesici esinqunyiwe ayikwazi kuphela ukunikeza imithwalo yangaphandle kanye nezinguquko ekubunjweni kwendawo yokusebenza, kodwa futhi inikeze ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi futhi ibikezele ukukhubazeka okungenzeka, okwenza kube indlela esebenza kakhulu. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokubala esidingekayo kanye nesidingo sokuthuthukiswa ezindabeni zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokudwetshwa kabusha kwegridi, ububanzi bezicelo bebukhawulelwe kumanyuvesi nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuduma nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamakhompiyutha, kanye nesoftware yezentengiselwano eya ngokuya iba yinkimbinkimbi yokuhlaziya izinto ezinomkhawulo, le ndlela isibe ithuluzi lokuhlaziya nelokubala eliyisisekelo.

Ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana akukwazi nje ukugcina amandla, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise isikhathi sokuphila sesikhunta. Esinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ukungqubuzana ukusebenzisa i-lubrication, esiza ukuthuthukisa i-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo zomkhiqizo ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwawo okufanayo. Ngenxa yezindlela ezihlukene zokukhanga namazinga okushisa okusebenza, izinto zokugcoba ezisetshenziswayo nazo zihlukile. Izithambisi zengilazi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nama-titanium alloys. Ukuze kufakwe insimbi eshisayo, i-graphite esekelwe emanzini iyi-lubricant esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuze kufakwe okubandayo, ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu, ukwelashwa kwe-phosphate noma i-oxalate kuvame ukudingeka ngaphambi kokubumba.