Ukuphonsa kanye nokuthethelela bekulokhu kunezindlela ezivamile zokucubungula zensimbi. Ngenxa yokwehluka okungokwemvelo kwezinqubo zokuphonsa kanye nokuthethelela, kukhona nomehluko owodwa emikhiqizweni yokugcina ekhiqizwa yilezi zindlela ezimbili zokucubungula.

Ukusakaza kuyinto esetshenziswayo ephelele ekubumbeni, ngokusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi efanayo futhi akukho mkhawulo oqondiswa ekucindezelweni; Futhi ukuthethelelwa kucindezelwa ngamabutho ngendlela efanayo, ngakho-ke ukucindezelwa kwabo kwangaphakathi kunokuqondisa futhi kungamelana nokucindezela okuqondile.

Maqondana nokuphonsa:

1. Ukuphonsa: Kuyinqubo yokuncibilika kwensimbi ibe uketshezi oluhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile futhi luyithulule kubumba, kulandelwa ukupholisa, izingxenye, nokuhlanza izikhala ukuthola amajaji anqunyelwe, osayizi kanye nezakhiwo . Inqubo eyisisekelo yemboni yokukhiqiza yasekhaya yanamuhla.

2. Izindleko zezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezikhiqizwe ngokusakaza ziphansi, ezingakhombisa kangcono umnotho wazo ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphakathi; Ngasikhathi sinye, inokuguquguquka okubanzi nokusebenza okuhle kwemishini.

I-3. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinkankwane kudinga inani elikhulu lezinto zokwakha (njengensimbi, ukhuni, uphethiloli, izinto zokubumba, imishini yokubumba, imishini yokwenza imishini, imishini yokwenza izihlabathi, imishini yokudonsa isihlabathi , amapuleti ensimbi, njll.), futhi angakhiqiza uthuli, amagesi ayingozi nomsindo ongcolisa imvelo.

I-Casting ingenye yezinqubo zakuqala zokusebenza zensimbi ezishisayo zabantu, ngomlando weminyaka engaba ngu-6000. Ku-3200 BC, kwavela ama-Frost Frog Castings eMesopotamia.

Phakathi kwekhulu le-13 nele-10 BC, iChina lalingene e-Heyday Casting, elinezinga elithile lobuciko. Imikhiqizo emele yokusakaza yasendulo ifaka i-875kg Simuwu Fang Ding kusuka ku-Shang Dynasty, iYizun Pan kusuka esifundeni saseMelika, kanye nesibuko esibonakalayo esivela ku-Western Han Dynasty.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe be-casting technology, ezingahle zihlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngendlela yokubumba:

①Ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi okujwayelekile

Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezintathu: isikhunta esihlabayo esimanzi, isikhunta esihlabayo esomile, nesihlabathi esilukhuni sezinkambiso;

②Isihlabathi nokuphonsa ngamatshe okukhethekile

Ukusakaza okukhethekile kusetshenziswa isihlabathi semvelo samaminerali kanye namatshe amatshe okukhomba okuphambili (njengokuphonsa kokutshala imali, ukuphonsa udaka, ukuphonsa amagobolondo okuphonsa, ukuphonsa umhlangano wokuphonsa, ukuphonsa umfutho wokuphonsa, ukusakazwa okuqinile, njll.);

③I-Metal Special Casting

Ukuphonsa okukhethekile kusetshenziswa insimbi njengezinto eziphambili zokuphonsa (njengokuphonswa kwensimbi, ukuphonsa ingqupho, ukuphonsa ingcindezi, ukuphonsa okuqhubekayo, ukukhonkotha okuphansi, ukusakazwa kwengcindezi, njll.).

Mayelana nokuzakhela:

1. Ukwenza: Indlela ecubungula esebenzisa imishini yokusebenzisa ingcindezi yezinsimbi zensimbi, ibangeze ukuba bakhiphe izinguquko zepulasitiki ukuze bathole ukuthethelelwa kwezakhiwo ezinemishini, amajamu kanye nosayizi.

2. Ukuthethelela kungasusa i-castrosity kanye nezimbobo ze-welding zezinsimbi, kanti nezimpahla zemishini zokuthethelelwa ngokuvamile zingcono kunokuncishiswa kwezinto ezifanayo. Ngezingxenye ezibalulekile ezinemithwalo ephezulu kanye nezimo ezinzima zokusebenza emishini, ukuthethethethetheleka kuvame ukusetshenziswa, ngaphandle kwamapuleti alula abunjiwe, amaphrofayli, noma izingxenye ezifulelweyo ezingasongelwa.

3. Ukuthethelela kungahlukaniswa:

①Vula ubukele (ukucebisisa mahhala)

Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezintathu: isikhunta esihlabayo esimanzi, isikhunta esihlabayo esomile, nesihlabathi esilukhuni sezinkambiso;

②Imodi evaliwe

Ukusakaza okukhethekile kusetshenziswa isihlabathi semvelo samaminerali kanye namatshe amatshe okukhomba okuphambili (njengokuphonsa kokutshala imali, ukuphonsa udaka, ukuphonsa amagobolondo okuphonsa, ukuphonsa umhlangano wokuphonsa, ukuphonsa umfutho wokuphonsa, ukusakazwa okuqinile, njll.);

③Ezinye izindlela zokuzihlukanisa

Ngokwezinga lokushisa le-defforational, ecela lingahlukaniswa lize livuthelwe ukushisa (ukucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kunamazinga okushisa kabusha wensimbi), ukufudumeza okufudumele (ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphindaphindwayo), nokushisa okubandayo (ekushiseni kwegumbi).

I-4. Izinto zokwakha ziyinsimbi ye-carbon kanye nensimbi ye-alloy enezingoma ezahlukahlukene, ezilandelwa yi-aluminium, i-magnesium, titanium, ithusi kanye nama-alloys awo. Izizwe zangempela zezinto zokwakha zifaka imigoqo, i-Ingots, powders yensimbi, kanye nezinsimbi eziwuketshezi.

Isilinganiso sendawo yesiphambano yensimbi ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwe-deformation endaweni ye-die cross-siteli ngemuva kokudumaza ibizwa ngokuthi i-ratio ebizwa. Ukukhetha okulungile kokuvuselelwa kwesilinganiso kuhlobene kakhulu nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokunciphisa izindleko.

Ukukhonjwa phakathi kokuphosa nokuthethelela:

Thintana - Ingaphezulu le-casting kufanele libe likhulu, kanti ingaphezulu lokuthethelela kufanele likhanye

Bheka - Isigaba se-software se-cast sivela ngwevu futhi simnyama, ngenkathi isigaba sensimbi esakhiwe sivele sesiliva futhi sikhanya

Beka indlebe - Lalela umsindo, okuthiwa kuminyene, umsindo uphukile ngemuva kokushaya, futhi umsindo wokuphonsa uthambile

Gonqiweyo - Sebenzisa umshini wokugaya ukuPolish ubone ukuthi ngabe izinhlansi phakathi kwalezi ezimbili zihlukile (ngokuvamile lokhu kuxolelwa kukhanya), njll