Kwelikhuluukuthethelela, lapho ikhwalithi yezinto zokwenziwa ezimbi noma icubungula inqubo ayikho ngesikhathi esifanele, ukucebisisa imifantu kuvame ukuba lula ukwenzeka.
Lokhu okulandelayo kwethula amacala amaningana okuqhekeka okubangelwa izinto ezingezinhle.
(1)Ukuthethelelaimifantu ebangelwa amaphutha we-ingot

Iningi lezinkinga ze-INGOT zingadala ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni, okuwukuqhekeka okuphakathi kwe-2cr13 spindle kuyeza.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibanga lokushisa le-crystallization lincane futhi i-linear shrinkage cofficient yanele lapho i-6t ingot iqinisa.
Ngenxa yokuvunyelwa okunganele kanye ne-shrinkage, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukucindezelwa okukhulu kwe-axial tensile, i-dendrite eqhekekile, yandiswa ukuqhekeka kwe-axial ku-Ingot, okwandiswa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka.

Isici singaqedwa ngu:
(1) ukuthuthukisa ubumsulwa bokuphazanyiswa kwensimbi ebilisiwe;
(2) I-INGOT ipholisa kancane, yehlisa ukucindezelwa okushisayo;
(3) Sebenzisa i-ejenti yokufudumeza okuhle nokukhulisa i-cap yokufakelwa, kwandise amandla okugcwalisa i-shrinkage;
(4) Sebenzisa inqubo yokuhlanganisa i-CONTION

(2)Ukuthethelelaimifantu ebangelwa ukuhanjiswa kwemvula okulimazayo ngensimbi emingceleni yokusanhlamvu.

Isibabule ensimbi sivame ukunqunyelwa emngceleni wokusanhlamvu ngesimo se-FES, esinamaphuzu awo ancibilikayo angu-982 ℃ kuphela. Emazingeni okushisa angu-1200 ℃, ama-fes emngceleni wokusanhlamvu azoncibilika azungeze okusanhlamvu ngohlobo lwefilimu eliwuketshezi, elizobhubhisa isibopho phakathi kokusanhlamvu futhi ukhiqize ukugcwala okushisayo, nokuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka ngemuva kokuthola imali encane.

Lapho ithusi eliqukethwe ensimbi lifuthelwa emkhathini we-perexidation ngo-1100 ~ 1200 ℃, ngenxa yokukhetha i-oxidation, izindawo ezicebile zethusi zizokwakha ungqimba olungaphezulu. Lapho i-solubity yethusi e-aucenite idlula yethusi, ithusi isatshalaliswa ngohlobo lwefilimu ewuketshezi emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, yakha ubucwebe bethusi futhi bengakwazi ukulungiswa.
Uma kukhona i-tin kanye ne-antimony ngensimbi, i-solubility yethusi e-auTeniite izoncishiswa ngokungathi sína, futhi ukuthambekela kokufakelwa kuzoqina.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-zethusi, ingaphezulu lekhokhiswe ngensimbi lizimisele ngokushisa, ukuze ithusi licebiswe emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, futhi ukuqhekeka kwe-nucleating kanye nokwandisa esigabeni esicebisi sethusi.

(3)Ukwakha ukuqhekekaokubangelwa isigaba se-heterogeneous (isigaba sesibili)

Izakhiwo zemishini zesigaba sesibili ensimbi zivame ukuhluka kakhulu kuleyo matrix yensimbi, ngakho-ke ukucindezela okwengeziwe kuzodala ukuncipha kweplastiki ukunciphisa lapho i-deformation igeleza. Lapho nje ingcindezi yendawo idlula amabutho abophayo phakathi kwesigaba esine-heterogeneous ne-matrix, ukwahlukana kuzokwenzeka futhi kuzokwakhiwa izimbobo.
Isibonelo, ama-oxides, ama-nitrides, ama-carbides, ama-borides, ama-sulfides, izilindi kanye nokunye.
Ake sithi lezi zigaba ziminyene.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Chain, ikakhulukazi emngceleni wokusanhlamvu lapho amandla abuthakathaka awohloka akhona, amazinga okushisa aphezulu azoqhekeka.
I-morphology ye-macroscopic yokuqothula ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukuhanjiswa kwemvula okuhle emngceleni wokusanhlamvu we-20simn steel 87t Ingots sekukhishwe futhi kwethulwe njengezinhlamvu ze-polyhedral colomlar.
Ukuhlaziywa kwemicroscopic kukhombisa ukuthi ukuqhekeka okuhlanganisiwe kuhlobene nenani elikhulu lezinto ezinhle zokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okuhlangene nomngcele wokusanhlamvu oyinhloko.

I-countermeasure toVikela ukuqeda ukuqhekekaokubangelwa ukuhanjiswa kwemvula ye-aluminium nitride emakristalu kungokulandelayo:
1. Khawulela inani le-aluminium elingezwe kwensimbi, susa i-nitrogen kusuka ngensimbi noma uvimbele i-Aln yezulu ngokungeza i-titanium;
2. Ikwamukela i-Ingot eshisayo ye-INGOT kanye nenqubo yesigaba se-Supercoled Stunges;
3. Khuphula izinga lokushisa lokudla kokushisa (> 900 ℃) nokushisa ngokuqondile;
4. Ngaphambi kokuthethelela, ukwenziwa kwanele kwe-homogenization kwenziwa ukwenza ukufakwa kwesigaba sokuhlwava kwesokuvuma.