Ukwelashwa okushisa kweukuthethelelwakuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni imishini. Ikhwalithi yokwelashwa okushisa ihlobene ngqo nekhwalithi ye-incrinsic kanye nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo noma izingxenye. Kunezinto eziningi ezithinta ikhwalithi yokwelashwa okushisa ekhiqizweni. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ikhwalithi yeukuthethelelwaIhlangabezana nezidingo zamazinga kazwelonke noma embonini, konke ukuthethelelwa kokwelashwa kokushisa okuqala kusuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe efektri, futhi ukuhlolwa okuqinile kumele kwenziwe ngemuva kwenqubo ngayinye yokwelashwa kokushisa. Izinkinga zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo azikwazi ukudluliselwa ngqo kwinqubo elandelayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhiqizeni ukwelashwa kokushisa, akwanele kumhloli onekhono ukuthi aqhube ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi futhi ahloleukuthethelelwaNgemuva kokutholwa kokushisa ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngumeluleki omuhle. Ngenqubo yokwelashwa okushisa, kuyadingeka ukubona ukuthi opharetha asebenzisa ngokuqinile yini imithetho yenqubo nokuthi amapharamitha enqubo alungile. Enqubweni yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi uma kutholakala izinkinga zekhwalithi ukusiza opharetha ukuthi ahlaziye izimbangela zezinkinga zekhwalithi, thola ikhambi lenkinga. Zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezingathinta ikhwalithi yokwelashwa okushisa zilawulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo efanelekile enekhwalithi enhle, ukusebenza okuthembekile nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.

Okuqukethwe kokuhlola kokushisa kwekhwalithi yokwelashwa

(1) Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa kwangaphambili

Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-preheat yokwelashwa kokuthuthukisa i-misfructure kanye nokuthambisa izinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuze kusebenze ukucubungula okwenziwe ngomshini, kuqede ukucubungula kwemishini, kuqede ukucindezela futhi uthole i-miscreature yasekuqaleni yokwelashwa okushisa. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa kwezinye izingxenye ezinkulu nakho ukwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa, ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza okujwayelekile nokukhulisa.

1) Ukufakwa okuvezwa kwe-Steel Castings kulula kubahlaseli ngoba okusanhlamvu kufudunyezwa ekushiseni okuphezulu isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokukhulisa, ukunxusa okuphelele noma okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe futhi ukuze kuhlanze okusanhlamvu.

2) Ukuncishiswa okuphelele kwensimbi ehlelekile ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ama-miskructure, ukucwilisa okusanhlamvu, ukunciphisa ubunzima futhi kuqede ukucindezelwa kwezimali eziphansi ze-carbon zensimbi, izingxenye ezishisayo, ukukhishwa okushisayo kanye nokukhokhiswa okushisayo.

3) Isikhalazo se-sothermal sensimbi ehlelekile ye-alloy sisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuncishiswa kwensimbi engu-42crmo.

4) Ukuguquguquka kwe-anneling anvealing of ithuluzi lensimbi inhloso ye-SPHINGINISTUS ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika kanye nokusebenza okubandayo kokusebenza.

I-5) Ukuthola ukucindezelwa okuvezwa inhloso yokuthola ukucindezelwa kwengcindezi ukuqeda ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kwama-castings ensimbi, izingxenye ze-welding kanye nezingxenye zemishini, nokunciphisa ukonakala nokuqhekeka kwenqubo yeposi.

6) Ukuphindaphindeka kabusha kukhulisa inhloso yokuphindaphinda ukuqeda ukuqeda okubandayo kwe-Working.

7) Esebenzisana nenhloso yokusebenzisa okujwayelekile ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka futhi uhlanze okusanhlamvu, okungasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa noma njengendlela yokushisa yokugcina.

Izakhiwo ezitholwe ngokungenisa kanye nokujwayelekile yi-pearlite. Ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi, okugxilwe kuyo ukwenza ukuhlola kwamapharamitha enqubo, okungukuthi, enqubweni yokungenisa kanye nokwenza okujwayelekile, ukugeleza hlola ukwenziwa kwamapharamitha enqubo, okungokokuqala, ekupheleni kwenqubo ikakhulukazi, ekugcineni kwenqubo yokuhlola ikakhulukazi ubulukhuni , Isakhiwo seMetallographic, ukujula kwe-decarbonalegation, kanye nokukhulisa izinto ezijwayelekile, iribhoni, i-carbide ye-mesh carbide nokunye.

(2) Isahlulelo sokungenisa kanye nezimpawu ezijwayelekile

1) Ubulukhuni bensimbi ephakathi kwekhabhoni buphezulu kakhulu, okuvame ukubangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu kanye nezinga lokupholisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokupholisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulisa. I-carbon ephakeme kakhulu izinga lokushisa le-isothermal liphansi, isikhathi sokubamba awenele nokunye. Uma kwenzeka izinkinga ezingenhla, ubulukhuni bungancishiswa ngokufaka kabusha ngokusho kwamapharamitha enqubo efanele.

2) Lolu hlobo lwenhlangano luvela ensimbi ethobekile ne-hypereutectoid yensimbi, inethiwekhi yensimbi yensimbi ye-subeutetectoid Ferrite, isizathu sokushisa i-carbide, isilinganiselo sokushisa siphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokupholisa lihamba kancane, lingasetshenziswa ukuqeda ngokwejwayelekile. Hlola ngokuya ngokwejwayelekile okucacisiwe.

3) I-Decarbonay lapho ikhulisa noma ijwayelekile, esithandweni somoya, isikulungele ngaphandle kokushisa kwegesi, ngenxa ye-oximation ye-Metal Phezulu ne-Decarbonay.

4) Ikhabhoni ye-graphite ye-graphite ye-graphite ikhiqizwa ukubola kwe-carbides, ikakhulukazi okubangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu nesikhathi eside sokubamba. Ngemuva kokubonakala kwekhabhoni ye-graphite ngensimbi, kuzotholakala ukuthi ubunzima obucishiwe bungaphansi, iphuzu elithambile, amandla aphansi, ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka okumpunga okumnyama nezinye izinkinga, futhi kuvela i-graphite carbon kuphela lapho kuvela khona ikhabhoni.

(3) Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina

Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa kokukhishwa okukhiqizwayo kuhlanganisa ukucimana, okucijile komhlaba nomoya.

1) deformation. Ukucima ukonga kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuya ngezidingo, njengokushintshana kweqa amalungiselelo, kufanele kuqondiswe, okufana nesizathu kungekudala, kungalungiswa, kungalungiswa. uthukuthele i-workpiecte esimweni esithambile esiqonde ukufeza izidingo futhi, umsebenzi wokusebenza jikelele ngemuva kokucima ukopela nokuvuselelwa kwezimali, hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-2/3 kuya ku-1/2 imvume.

2) Ukuqhekeka. Akukho ukuqhekeka okuvunyelwe ebusweni banoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokwelapha, ngakho-ke izingxenye zokwelashwa okushisa kumele zihlolwe ngo-100%. Izindawo zokuhlushwa ukucindezela, amakhona abukhali, imigwaqo ebalulekile, izimbobo ezingcolile zodonga, imikhawulo emincane-emincane, ama-protors kanye nama-dents, njll., Kufanele kugcizelelwe.

3) Ukweqisa nokungenzi ngokweqile. Ngemuva kokucima, i-workpiece ayivunyelwe ukuba ne-acicular acicular ama-acicular ama-acicular ama-oxidary ama-oxidary ama-axidary ama-axidary ama-axidary ama-axidary ama-oxidary ama-axidary ama-oxidary, ngoba ukweqa ngokweqile futhi okudlula ngokweqile kuzodala ukuncishiswa kwamandla, ukwengeza okulula.

4) I-Oxidation kanye ne-Decarbonay. Ukucubungula imvume yokusebenza okuncane, i-oxidation kanye ne-deCarbonalization ukulawula amanye amathuluzi namathuluzi okusika, kungavunyelwe ukuba ne-oxidation engathí sina kanye nokushisa okutholakele, isikhathi sokushisa kufanelekile kakhulu , ngakho-ke kufanele kube ngasikhathi sinye sokuhlolwa ngokweqile.

5) amabala athambile. Iphoyinti elithambile lizodala ukugqoka kwe-arkpiece ukugqoka kanye nomonakalo wokukhathala, ngakho-ke alikho iphuzu elithambile, ukwakheka kwenhlangano evuthayo yenhlangano evundayo, indawo yokuhlala ye-banded kanye ne-resiual deconbonation ungqimba, njalonjalo kufanele ilungiswe ngesikhathi.

6) Ubulukhuni obunganele. Imvamisa umsebenzi wokushisa ocisha ukushisa okushisa kakhulu, i-aucenite elisasele kakhulu eyoholela ekunciphiseni ubulukhuni, izinga lokushisa eliphansi noma isikhathi esinganele, futhi ijubane lokupholisa alwanele, ukusebenza okungafanele kuzoholela ekujuleni kobunzima. Isimo esingenhla singalungiswa kuphela.

7) Isithambiso Sokugeza SakaSawoti. Imvamisa ephezulu naphakathi nendawo kanye nelangabi elicisha umsebenzi, akukho nto eshisayo.

Ngemuva kokuphathwa kokushisa kokugcina kwezingxenye zomhlaba ngeke kube nokugqwala, i-bump, i-shrinkage, ukulimala nezinye iziphambeko.