Ngemuva kokushisa, ukulinganisa, ukucisha, ukushisa kanye nokulungiswa kokushisa kokulungiswa kwendawo, i-forging ingase ikhiqize ukuhlanekezela kokwelashwa okushisayo.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuhlanekezela ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kokubunjwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, okungukuthi, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kokubunjwa ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kuhlala ngenxa yokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nomehluko ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo.

Uma lokhu kucindezeleka kudlula iphuzu lokukhiqiza lensimbi ngesikhathi esithile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, kuzodala ukuhlanekezela kokubumba.

Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okukhiqizwa ohlelweni lokwelashwa okushisa kuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka okushisayo nokucindezeleka kokushintsha kwesigaba.

1. Ukucindezeleka okushisayo
Lapho i-forging ishisa futhi ipholile, ihambisana nesenzakalo sokwanda okushisayo kanye nokufinyela okubandayo. Uma ingaphezulu kanye nenkaba ye-forging kushiswa noma kupholiswe ngesivinini esihlukile, okuholela ekwehlukeni kwezinga lokushisa, ukunwetshwa noma ukufinyela kwevolumu nakho kuhlukile kulokho okungaphezulu kanye nomgogodla. Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukushintsha kwevolumu ehlukene ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa kubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka okushisayo.
Enkambweni yokwelashwa kokushisa, ukucindezeleka okushisayo kwe-forging kubonakala ngokuyinhloko njengokuthi: lapho ukubumba kushisa, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu likhuphuka ngokushesha kunomgogodla, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu liphezulu futhi liyakhula, izinga lokushisa eliyisisekelo liphansi futhi alikhuli. , ngalesi sikhathi ukucindezeleka kokucindezelwa kwendawo kanye nokucindezeleka okuyisisekelo.
Ngemuva kwe-diathermy, izinga lokushisa eliyisisekelo liyakhuphuka futhi ukubumba kuyakhula. Kuleli qophelo, i-forging ibonisa ukwanda kwevolumu.
Ukupholisa kwe-workpiece, indawo epholile epholile ngokushesha kunomongo, ukushwabana kwendawo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenhliziyo ukuvimbela ukushwabana, ukucindezeleka okuqinile endaweni, inhliziyo ikhiqiza ingcindezi ecindezelayo, lapho ipholiswe ezingeni elithile lokushisa, ingaphezulu alisanciphisi, kanye nokupholisa okuyinhloko okwenzeka ngenxa yokufinyela okuqhubekayo, indawo engaphezulu iwukucindezeleka okucindezelayo, kuyilapho inhliziyo yokucindezeleka okuqinile, ukucindezeleka ekupheleni kokupholisa kusekhona ngaphakathi kwe-forging futhi kubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka okusalayo.

2. Ukucindezeleka koshintsho lwesigaba

Enkambweni yokwelapha ukushisa, ubukhulu kanye nevolumu ye-forgings kufanele ishintshe ngoba ubukhulu nomthamo wezakhiwo ezahlukene zihlukile.
Ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa phakathi kwendawo kanye nengqikithi yokubunjwa, ukuguqulwa kwezicubu phakathi kwendawo kanye nomgogodla akukafiki ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuzokwenziwa lapho ubukhulu bangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nokuguqulwa kwevolumu kuhlukile.
Lolu hlobo lokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa umehluko wokuguqulwa kwezicubu kubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kwesigaba sokushintsha.

Inqwaba yezakhiwo eziyisisekelo ensimbi iyanda ngokulandelana kwe-austenitic, pearlite, sostenitic, troostite, hypobainite, tempered martensite kanye ne-martensite.
Isibonelo, lapho ukubumba kucinywa futhi kuphole ngokushesha, ungqimba olungaphezulu luyaguqulwa lusuka ku-austenite luye ku-martensite futhi umthamo uyanwetshwa, kodwa inhliziyo isesesimweni se-austenite, ivimbela ukunwetshwa kongqimba olungaphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo ye-forging ingaphansi kokucindezeleka okuqinile, kuyilapho ungqimba olungaphezulu lungaphansi kokucindezeleka okucindezelayo.
Uma iqhubeka nokuphola, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu liyehla futhi alibe lisakhula, kodwa umthamo wenhliziyo uyaqhubeka ukhukhumala njengoba ushintsha ube martensite, ngakho uvinjelwa phezulu, ngakho inhliziyo iba ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okucindezelayo, futhi ubuso bungaphansi kwengcindezi eqinile.
Ngemva kokupholisa ifindo, lokhu kucindezeleka kuzohlala ngaphakathi kwe-forging futhi kube ingcindezi eyinsalela.

Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokucisha nokupholisa, ukucindezeleka okushisayo kanye nokucindezeleka kokushintsha kwesigaba kuphambene, futhi izingcindezi ezimbili ezisele ekufakeni nazo ziphambene.
Ukucindezeleka okuhlangene kokucindezeleka okushisayo nokucindezeleka koshintsho lwesigaba kubizwa ngokuthi ukucima ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.
Lapho ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okusele ekubunjweni kudlula iphuzu lokukhiqiza lensimbi, i-workpiece izokhiqiza ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, okuholela ekuhlanekeni kokubumba.

(kusuka ku:168 forgings net)