Ukuqina nokuqina yizinkomba zokusebenza ezibonisa ikhono lokucishaama-forgings, futhi ziyisisekelo esibalulekile sokukhetha nokusebenzisa izinto zokwakha.Ukuqinaubukhulu ubulukhuni ukuthi aukuqambaingafinyelela ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle.Isici esiyinhloko esinquma izinga lokuqina leukuqambaokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yeukuqamba, noma ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yesisombululo esiqinile ku-austenite ngesikhathi sokucisha nokushisa. Uma izinga lekhabhoni liphezulu, izinga lokuqina lensimbi liyoba phezulu.Nakuba izakhi ze-alloying ensimbi zinethonya elincane ekuqineni kwensimbi, zinethonya elikhulu ekuqineni kwensimbi.
Ukuqina kuyisici esinquma ukujula nobulukhuni bensimbi eqinile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.Okungukuthi, ikhono lokuthola ukujula kongqimba oluqinile lapho insimbi iqiniswa, okuyingxenye yemvelo yensimbi.Ukuqina empeleni kubonisa ukujula kalula i-austenite engaguqulwa ngayo ibe i-martensite lapho insimbi icishiwe.Ihlobene kakhulu nokuzinza kwe-austenite epholile kakhulu ensimbi, noma izinga lokupholisa elibucayiinsimbi eyakhiwe.

Ngemva kokucisha, ukwakheka kwe-metallographic kanye namajika okusabalalisa ubulukhuni kubonakala engxenyeni ephambene yendawo yokupholisa. Umugqa wesigaba uyi-martensite futhi okusele kuhlukaniswe ezindaweni ezingezona i-Martensite, okungukuthi, isakhiwo ngaphambi kokucisha.Kungabonakala emfanekisweni wokuthi isifunda se-martensite sebha yensimbi ngakwesokudla sijulile, ngakho ukuqina kwayo kungcono, ubulukhuni be-martensite bezinto ezingakwesokunxele buphakeme, okungukuthi, ukuqina kungcono.Izinga lokupholisa lesigaba sokubumba liyahlukahluka ezindaweni ngezindawo ngesikhathi sokucisha.Isivinini sokupholisa sobuso siphezulu, futhi isivinini sokupholisa siyancipha. njengoba isikhungo sifinyelela enkabeni. Uma ijubane lokupholisa lendawo kanye nesikhungo sokubumba sikhulu kunejubane elibalulekile lokupholisa lensimbi yokubumba, isakhiwo se-martensite singatholakala kuso sonke isigaba sokubumba, okungukuthi, ukubumba kwensimbi kucinywa ngokuphelele. ingxenye emaphakathi ingaphansi kwezinga lokupholisa elibucayi, i-martensite itholakala phezulu futhi izicubu ezingezona zeMartensitic zitholakala enhliziyweni, okubonisa ukuthi ukubumba kwensimbi akuzange kucinywe.
Ekukhiqizeni, ukuqina okusebenzayo kwensimbiama-forgingsngokuvamile kuvezwa ukujula kongqimba oluqinile olusebenzayo, okungukuthi, ibanga eliqondile ukusuka endaweni elinganiselwe ukuya ku-50% (ingxenye yevolumu) ye-martensite.Kuyasiza futhi ukukala ibanga eliqondile ukusuka ebusweni ukuya ebulukhuni obucacisiwe bonisa ukujula kongqimba oluqinile olusebenzayo.Isibonelo, ukujula kokuqina kokungeniswa (DS) nokujula kokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali (DC) kukalwa ngebanga eliqondile ukusuka phezulu kuya ebulukhuni obucacisiwe.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezingxenye zemishini zamandla ngemuva kokucisha kanye nokushisa kweama-forgingsenobunzima obuhlukene buboniswa emfanekisweni.Ukuqina okuphezulu kwezakhiwo zayo zemishini eduze kwesigaba esiphambanayo ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo, kanye nokucisha ukungena kwezakhiwo eziphansi, eziphansi zemishini yenhliziyo, ukuqina kuphansi.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngemva kokucasuka.izinsimbi zensimbingokuqina okuphezulu, ukwakheka kwawo kusuka phezulu kuya ngaphakathi kuyi-granular tempered Soxhlet, ene-bremsstrahlability ephezulu, kuyilapho insimbi enokuqina okuphansi ine-ferrite e-flaccid enhliziyweni yayo, ene-bremsstrahlability ephansi.
(kusuka ku-duan168.com)