Ukuqambawukwenziwa kwensimbi yensimbi ibe yi-billet ngesando noma umshini wokucindezela; Ngokokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, insimbi ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-carbon steel ne-alloy steel.

(1) Ngaphezu kwe-iron ne-carbon, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-carbon steel nakho kuqukethe izakhi ezifana ne-manganese silico, isulfure ne-phosphorus, phakathi kwayo isibabule ne-phosphorus kuwukungcola okuyingozi. I-Manganese silico iyingxenye ye-deoxidized engezwe ku-carbon steel inqubo yokwenza insimbi. Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuhlukile ku-carbon steel, imvamisa ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Insimbi ye-carbon ephansi: Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ngu-0.04% -0.25%;
Insimbi ye-carbon ephakathi: 0.25% -0.55% okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni;
I-carbon steel ephezulu: okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okukhulu kuno-0.55%
(2) ingxubevange yensimbi yengeza i-elementi eyodwa noma ezimbalwa ze-alloying ku-carbon steel nensimbi efudumele enjalo iqukethe kokubili i-silicon manganese alloy element noma izakhi eziqinile, futhi iqukethe ezinye izakhi ze-alloying, njenge-nickel chromium molybdenum vanadium titanium tungsten cobalt aluminium zirconium niobium. kanye nezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye insimbi ye-calcium alloy iqukethe i-boron ne-nitrogen njll. Izakhi ezingezona ezensimbi ngokwenani lengqikithi yokuqukethwe kwe-alloy element ensimbi, ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:

Insimbi ye-alloy ephansi: inani eliphelele lesici se-alloying lingaphansi kuka-3.5%;
Insimbi ye-alloy ephakathi: okuqukethwe okuphelele kwe-alloying yi-3.5-10%;
Insimbi ephezulu ye-alloy: inani eliphelele le-elementi ye-alloying ingaphezu kuka-10%
Ngokwenani lezinto ezihlukene ze-alloy eziqukethwe ensimbi ye-alloy, futhi ingahlukaniswa ibe yinsimbi ye-ternary kanambambili kanye ne-multi-element alloy steel ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwezinhlobo zezakhi ze-alloy eziqukethwe ensimbi, zingahlukaniswa zibe insimbi ye-manganese, insimbi ye-chromium, insimbi ye-boron, i-silicon steel, insimbi ye-manganese, insimbi ye-chromium manganese, insimbi ye-molybdenum, i-chromium molybdenum, insimbi ye-tungsten vanadium kanye njalonjalo