Izinto zokwakha zibandakanya i-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy steel kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezilandelwa yi-aluminium, i-magnesium, ithusi, i-titanium kunye ne-alloys yazo. Amazwe oqobo lwemathiriyeli abandakanya ibha, ingot, umgubo wesinyithi, kunye nentsimbi engamanzi. Umlinganiselo wendawo yecandelo elinqamlezileyo lesinyithi ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwendawo enqamlezayo emva kokuguqulwa kubizwa ngokuba yi-forging ratio. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lokulinganisa ukulinganisa, ukushisa okufanelekileyo kunye nexesha lokubamba, iqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo lokuqala kunye nelokugqibela, isixa esifanelekileyo se-deformation kunye nesantya se-deformation sisondelelene nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izixhobo zesetyhula okanye zesikwere zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezingenanto kwi-forgings encinci kunye nephakathi. Ukwakhiwa kweenkozo kunye neempawu zoomatshini zezinto zebha zifana kwaye zilungile, zinemilo echanekileyo kunye nobukhulu, umgangatho omhle womphezulu, kwaye kulula ukulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kobuninzi. Ngethuba nje ubushushu bokufudumala kunye neemeko zokuguqulwa zilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukubunjwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okubalulekileyo. Ii-ingots zisetyenziselwa kuphela ukukhwabanisa okukhulu. I-Ingot yisakhiwo sokuphoswa kunye neekristale ezinkulu zekholomu kunye namaziko akhululekile. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukutyumza i-crystals ye-columnar kwiinkozo ezintle ngokusebenzisa i-deformation enkulu yeplastiki, kwaye udibanise ngokukhululekileyo ukuze ufumane i-metal structure kunye neempawu zomatshini.

Iipreforms zesinyithi somgubo ezenziwe ngokucofa kunye nokudubula zingenziwa zibe ngumgubo wokubumba ngokwenziwa kwe-flash kwimeko eshushu. Ubuninzi be-powder forging busondele kwi-forgings jikelele yokufa, kunye neempawu ezintle zoomatshini kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, okunokunciphisa ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo. Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwe-powder forgings lufanayo ngaphandle kokwahlula, kwaye lunokusetyenziswa ukwenza iigiya ezincinci kunye nezinye izixhobo zokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lepowder liphezulu kakhulu kunezinto zebar eziqhelekileyo, ezithintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwimveliso. Ngokufaka uxinzelelo lwe-static kwintsimbi engamanzi egalelwe kumgodi wokungunda, inokuqina, icwebezelise, iqukuqele, ingene kwi-deformation yeplastiki, kwaye yenze phantsi koxinzelelo lokufumana imilo efunekayo kunye neepropathi zokubumba. Ukubunjwa kwesinyithi esilulwelo yindlela yokubumba phakathi kokuphosa ukufa kunye ne-die forging, ilungele ngakumbi iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezinodonga olunzima ekunzima ukuzenzela ngokufoja jikelele.

Ukongeza kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-carbon steel kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy eneengoma ezahlukeneyo, izinto zokwakha zibandakanya i-aluminium, i-magnesium, ubhedu, i-titanium, kunye ne-alloys yazo. I-iron esekelwe kwi-high-temperature alloys, i-nickel esekelwe kwi-high-temperature alloys, kunye ne-cobalt esekelwe kwi-high-temperature alloys nazo zenziwe okanye ziqengqeleke njenge-deformation alloys. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngxubevange zineendawo zeplastiki ezimxinwa, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwenza. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezingqongqo zokufudumeza ubushushu, ubushushu bokubumba, kunye nobushushu bokugqibela bokubumba.