Ukuphosa kunye nokukhwabanisa bekusoloko kuyindlela eqhelekileyo yokulungisa isinyithi. Ngenxa yeyantlukwano yendalo kwiinkqubo zokuphosa kunye nokukhwabanisa, kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi kwiimveliso zokugqibela eziveliswa zezi ndlela zimbini zokucwangcisa.

I-casting yimpahla ephoswe ngokupheleleyo kwi-mold, kunye nokusabalalisa okufanayo koxinzelelo kwaye akukho zithintelo kwisalathiso sokunyanzeliswa; Kwaye i-forgings icinezelwe yimikhosi kwicala elifanayo, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lunolwalathiso kwaye lunokumelana kuphela noxinzelelo lwecala.

Ngokumalunga nokuphosa:

1. Ukuphosa: Yinkqubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ibe lulwelo oluhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile kwaye lugalele kubumba, lulandelwa kukupholisa, ukuqiniswa, kunye nokucoca unyango ukuze kufumaneke ii-castings (amacandelo okanye izikhewu) ezinemilo esele zimiselwe, ubukhulu, kunye neempawu. . Inkqubo esisiseko yoshishino lokwenziwa koomatshini banamhlanje.

2. Iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza eziveliswa ngokuphosa ziphantsi, ezinokubonisa ngcono uqoqosho lwayo kwiindawo ezinemilo enzima, ngakumbi ezo zinemingxuma enzima yangaphakathi; Ngexesha elifanayo, inokuguquguquka okubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komatshini obanzi.

3. Ukuveliswa kwemveliso kufuna isixa esikhulu sezinto (ezifana nesinyithi, iinkuni, amafutha, izinto zokubumba, njl.njl.) kunye nezixhobo (ezifana nezitofu zetsimbi, abaxube besanti, oomatshini bokubumba, oomatshini bokwenza i-core, oomatshini bokulahla isanti, oomatshini abadubulayo. , iipleyiti zentsimbi, njl.njl.), yaye zinokuvelisa uthuli, iigesi eziyingozi, nengxolo engcolisa imekobume.

Ukuphosa yenye yeenkqubo zokuqala zokusebenza ezishushu zentsimbi ezazilawulwa ngabantu, ezinembali emalunga nama-6000 eminyaka. Ngo-3200 BC, ukuphoswa kwamasele obhedu kwavela eMesopotamiya.

Phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-13 kunye neye-10 BC, i-China yangena kwixesha le-bronze cast, kunye nenqanaba elibonakalayo lobugcisa. Iimveliso ezimele ukubunjwa kwamandulo ziquka i-875kg ye-Simuwu Fang Ding esuka kwi-Shang Dynasty, i-Yizun Pan ukususela kwixesha le-Warring States, kunye nesipili esiguquguqukayo esivela kwi-Western Han Dynasty.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokwahlulahlula kwitekhnoloji yokuphosa, enokwahlulwa ngokwesiqhelo ngokwezintlu zilandelayo ngokwendlela yokubumba:

①Ukuphosa isanti eqhelekileyo

Kubandakanya iindidi ezintathu: ukungunda kwesanti emanzi, ukungunda kwesanti eyomileyo, kunye nokungunda kwesanti eqiniswe ngamachiza;

②Isanti kunye namatye ukuphosa okukhethekileyo

Ukuphosa okukhethekileyo kusetyenziswa isanti yendalo yezimbiwa kunye negrabile njengeyona nto iphambili yokubumba (efana nokuphosa utyalo-mali, udaka lodaka, ukuphosa iqokobhe leworkshop, ukuphosa uxinzelelo olubi, ukuphosa okuqinileyo, ukuphosa nge-ceramic, njl.);

③Intsimbi ekhethekileyo yokuphosa

Ukuphoswa okukhethekileyo kusetyenziswa isinyithi njengeyona nto iphambili yokuphosa (njengokubunjwa kwesinyithi, ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo, ukuphosa okuqhubekayo, ukuphosa okuphantsi, ukuphosa kwe-centrifugal, njl.).

Ngokumalunga nokukhwabanisa:

1. Ukubumba: Indlela yokucubungula esebenzisa oomatshini bokubumba ukuze bafake uxinzelelo kwiibhilithi zentsimbi, ezibangela ukuba zityhutyhe iplastiki ukuze zifumane izinto ezifogiweyo ezineempawu ezithile zoomatshini, iimilo kunye nobukhulu.

2. I-Forging inokuphelisa i-porosity yokuphosa kunye nemingxuma ye-welding yesinyithi, kunye neempawu ze-mechanical of forgings zingcono kakhulu kunokuphosa izinto ezifanayo. Kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezinemithwalo ephezulu kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusebenza kumatshini, iifogi zidla ngokusetyenziswa, ngaphandle kweepleyiti ezilula ezimile, iiprofayili, okanye iindawo ezidibeneyo ezinokuqengqeleka.

3. Ukubunjwa kungohlulwa ngokwe:

①Ukubunjwa okuvulekileyo (ukubunjwa simahla)

Kubandakanya iindidi ezintathu: ukungunda kwesanti emanzi, ukungunda kwesanti eyomileyo, kunye nokungunda kwesanti eqiniswe ngamachiza;

②Imodi evaliweyo yokubumba

Ukuphosa okukhethekileyo kusetyenziswa isanti yendalo yezimbiwa kunye negrabile njengeyona nto iphambili yokubumba (efana nokuphosa utyalo-mali, udaka lodaka, ukuphosa iqokobhe leworkshop, ukuphosa uxinzelelo olubi, ukuphosa okuqinileyo, ukuphosa nge-ceramic, njl.);

③Ezinye iindlela zokwahlulahlula

Ngokutsho kweqondo lokushisa lokuguqula, ukubunjwa kunokwahlulahlulwa kwi-forging eshushu (iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphezu kobushushu be-recrystallization ye-billet metal), i-forging efudumeleyo (ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwe-recrystallization), kunye ne-cold forging (kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa).

4. Izinto zokubumba ziyi-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy steel kunye neengqungquthela ezahlukeneyo, ezilandelwa yi-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-titanium, ithusi kunye ne-alloys yazo. Iimeko zoqobo zemathiriyeli ziquka imivalo, iingots, umgubo wentsimbi, kunye neentsimbi ezingamanzi.

Umlinganiselo wommandla we-cross-sectional wentsimbi ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwendawo ye-die cross-sectional emva kokuguqulwa kubizwa ngokuba yi-forging ratio. Ukukhethwa okuchanekileyo komlinganiselo wokubumba kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.

Ukuchongwa phakathi kweCasting kunye neForging:

Chukumisa - Umphezulu we-casting kufuneka ube mkhulu, ngelixa umphezulu we-forging kufuneka ukhanye ngakumbi

Jonga - icandelo lentsimbi etyhidiweyo libonakala lingwevu kwaye limnyama, ngelixa icandelo lentsimbi elibunjiweyo libonakala lisilivere kwaye liqhakazile

Phulaphula - Phulaphula isandi, isandi sixinene, isandi sivakala sipholile emva kokubetha, kwaye isandi sokuphosa simnyama.

Ukusila -Sebenzisa umatshini wokusila ukupolisha kwaye ubone ukuba iintlantsi phakathi kwezi zimbini zahlukile (ngokuqhelekileyo ukubunjwa kuqaqambile), njl.