Iikhonsepthi ezintsha zokonga umbane zifuna ukuphuculwa koyilo ngokucutha amacandelo kunye nokukhetha izixhobo ezinganyangekiyo ku-corrosion ezinamandla aphezulu kumlinganiselo woxinaniso. Ukwehliswa kwecandelo kunokwenziwa ngokulungiswa kolwakhiwo olwakhayo okanye ngokufaka endaweni yemathiriyeli enzima ngezo ezilula kakhulu. Kulo mxholo, ukubunjwa kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni amacandelo esakhiwo esongezelelekileyo. KwiZiko leMetal Forming kunye neMetal-Forming Machines (IFUM) iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetekhnoloji zokubumba ziye zaphuhliswa. Ngokubhekiselele ekuphuculweni kolwakhiwo, izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisa amacandelo ziye zaphandwa. Ubunzima obubangelwa ekuhlaleni ukuqina ngokubanda phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-hydrostatic kunokwenzeka. Ukongeza, imimandla ye-martensitic elawulwayo inokudalwa ngokwenza ukuguqulwa kwesigaba esinyanzelwayo kwiintsimbi ze-austenitic ezinemetastable. Olunye uphando lugxininise ekutshintshweni kwamalungu entsimbi enzima kunye ne-alloys ephezulu yamandla angenayo i-nonferrous okanye i-hybrid material compounds. Iinkqubo ezininzi zokubumba i-magnesium, i-aluminiyam kunye ne-titanium alloys kwi-aeronautical kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemoto ezahlukeneyo zaphuhliswa. Iyonke inkqubo yekhonkco ukusuka ekubonakalisweni kwezinto ngokuyilwa kwenkqubo esekwe kumlinganiso ukuya kwimveliso yamacandelo iye yaqwalaselwa. Ukuba nokwenzeka kokwenza iijiyometri ezimile kakuhle kusetyenziswa ezi alloys kwaqinisekiswa. Ngaphandle kobunzima obufunyenwe ngenxa yengxolo yomatshini kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, ubuchule bokukhupha i-acoustic emission (AE) busetyenziswe ngempumelelo ekubekweni esweni kwi-intanethi kwiziphene zokwenziwa. I-algorithm entsha yohlalutyo lwe-AE iye yaphuhliswa, ukwenzela ukuba iipateni zesignali ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeziganeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemveliso / ukufa kokuqhekeka okanye ukunxiba okufayo kunokubonwa kwaye kuhlelwe. Ngaphaya koko, ukuba nokwenzeka kobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha obukhankanyiweyo bungqinwe ngohlalutyo lwento ephelelisiweyo (FEA). Umzekelo, intembeko yokukhohlisa iyafa ngokubhekiselele ekuqalisweni kokuqhekeka ngenxa yokudinwa kwe-thermo-mechanical kunye nomonakalo we-ductile we-forgings yaphandwa ngoncedo lweemodeli zomonakalo ezongezelelweyo. Kweli phepha ezinye zeendlela ezikhankanyiweyo zichaziwe.