Ngokubanziukwenza, xa umgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza uhlwempuzekile okanye inkqubo yokubumba ingekho ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuqhekeka kokukhwabanisa kudla ngokuba lula ukwenzeka.
Oku kulandelayo kwazisa iimeko ezininzi zokwenziwa kwecrack ezibangelwa zizinto ezimbi.
(1)Ukuqulunqaiintanda ezibangelwa ziziphene ze-ingot

Uninzi lweziphene ze-ingot zinokubangela ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokuqulunqa, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso, eyona nto iphakathi kwe-2Cr13 spindle forging.
Oku kungenxa yokuba uluhlu lobushushu becrystallization bumxinwa kwaye i-coefficient yokuncipha yomgca inkulu xa i-ingot ye-6T iqina.
Ngenxa yokungonelanga kwe-condensation kunye nokushwabana, umahluko omkhulu wobushushu phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, uxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-axial tensile, i-dendrite yaqhekeka, yenze ukuqhekeka kwe-inter-axial kwi-ingot, eyaye yandiswa ngakumbi ngexesha lokubumba ukuze ibe luqhekeko kwi-spindle forging.

Isiphene sinokupheliswa ngoku:
(1)Ukuphucula ukusulungeka kokunyibilikiswa kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo;
(2) Ukupholisa kwe-Ingot ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal;
(3) Sebenzisa i-ejenti yokufudumala efanelekileyo kunye ne-cap insulation cap, ukwandisa amandla okugcwalisa i-shrinkage;
(4)Sebenzisa inkqubo yokubumba ephakathi.

(2)Ukuqulunqaiintanda ezibangelwa yimvula yokungcola okuyingozi kwintsimbi ecaleni kwemida yeenkozo.

Isulfure kwintsimbi idla ngokugqithiswa ecaleni komda weenkozo ngendlela ye-FeS, indawo yayo yokunyibilika iyi-982℃ kuphela. Kwiqondo lobushushu lokubunjwa kwe-1200℃, i-FES kumda wengqolowa iya kunyibilika kwaye ijikeleze iinkozo ngendlela yefilimu yolwelo, eya kutshabalalisa ikhonkco phakathi kweenkozo kunye nokuvelisa ubuthathaka be-thermal, kwaye ukuqhekeka kuya kwenzeka emva kokubumba kancinci.

Xa ubhedu oluqulethwe kwintsimbi lufudunyezwa kwi-peroxidation atmosphere kwi-1100 ~ 1200 ℃, ngenxa ye-oxidation ekhethiweyo, iindawo ezityebileyo zobhedu ziya kubumba kwi-surface layer. Xa i-solubility yobhedu kwi-austenite idlula ubhedu, ubhedu lusasazwa ngendlela yefilimu yolwelo kumda wengqolowa, lwenza i-brittleness yobhedu kwaye ayikwazi ukwenza.
Ukuba kukho i-tin kunye ne-antimony kwintsimbi, i-solubility yobhedu kwi-austenite iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye ukuthambekela kwe-embrittlement kuya kuqiniswa.
Ngenxa yobuninzi bobhedu obuphezulu, umphezulu wezinto ezixutywayo zetsimbi zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo nge-oxidized ngexesha lokufudumeza, ukwenzela ukuba ubhedu lutyetyiswe ecaleni komda wengqolowa, kwaye i-crack forging yenziwa nge-nucleating kunye nokwandisa kunye nesigaba esityebileyo sobhedu somda weenkozo.

(3)Ukwenza i-crackokubangelwa sisigaba esingafaniyo (isigaba sesibini)

Iimpawu zomatshini zesigaba sesibini kwintsimbi zihlala zihluke kakhulu kwi-matrix yensimbi, ngoko ke uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo luya kubangela ukuba inkqubo yonke yeplastiki iyancipha xa i-deformation ihamba. Emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwengingqi lugqithise amandla okubopha phakathi kwesigaba se-heterogeneous kunye ne-matrix, ukwahlukana kuya kwenzeka kwaye imingxuma iya kwenziwa.
Ngokomzekelo, i-oxides, i-nitrides, i-carbides, i-borides, i-sulfides, i-silicates kunye nokunye kwintsimbi.
Masithi ezi zigaba zixinene.
Ukusasazwa kwetsheyini, ngakumbi kumda wengqolowa apho kukho amandla okubopha obuthathaka, ubushushu obuphezulu bokubumba kuya kuqhekeka.
I-macroscopic morphology yokwakheka kokuqhekeka okubangelwa yimvula entle ye-AlN ecaleni komda weenkozo ezingama-20SiMn zentsimbi ezingama-87t ingots iye yafakwa ioksijini kwaye yaboniswa njengeekristale zekholamu yepolyhedral.
Uhlalutyo lwe-microscopic lubonisa ukuba ukuqhekeka kwe-forging kunxulumene nesixa esikhulu seenkozo ezintle ze-AlN precipitation ecaleni komda wokuqala wengqolowa.

Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuukunqanda ukuqhekezwa kobuqhetsebaokubangelwa yimvula ye-aluminiyam nitride ecaleni kwekristale zezi zilandelayo:
1. Ukunciphisa inani le-aluminium eyongezwe kwintsimbi, susa i-nitrogen kwintsimbi okanye inqanda imvula ye-AlN ngokufaka i-titanium;
2. Adopt ingot yokuhanjiswa okutshisayo kunye nenkqubo yokutshintsha kwesigaba se-supercooled;
3. Yandisa iqondo lokutyisa ubushushu (> 900℃) kunye nokubunjwa kobushushu ngqo;
4. Phambi kokwenza i-homogenization annealing eyaneleyo iyaqhutywa ukwenza ukusasazwa kwesigaba sokusasazwa komda womda wengqolowa.