Unyango lobushushu lweukuxolelaIkhonkco elibalulekileyo kwimveliso yomatshini. Umgangatho wonyango lobushushu unxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho ophakathi kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso okanye iinxalenye. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela umgangatho wonyango lobushushu kwimveliso. Ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho weukuxolelaDibanisa iimfuno zeMigangatho yeSizwe okanye yeShishini, zonke izinto ezilawulwa ngonyango Iingxaki ezisemgangathweni zemveliso azinakutshintshelwa ngqo kwinkqubo elandelayo, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Ukongeza, kwimveliso yonyango lobushushu, akwanelanga ukuba umhloli onobuchule ukuqhuba uhlolisiso olusemgangathweni kwaye ujonge kwiukuxolelaEmva konyango lobushushu ngokweemfuno zobugcisa. Owona msebenzi obaluleke ngakumbi kukuba ngumcebisi olungileyo. Kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu, kuyimfuneko ukubona ukuba ngaba umsebenzi wokusebenza ngokungqongqo usebenzise imigaqo yenkqubo nokuba ingaba iinkqubo zenkqubo zichanekile. Kwinkqubo yokuhlola esemgangathweni ukuba iingxaki ezisemgangathweni zifunyenwe ukunceda umqhubi ukuba ahlalutye unobangela weengxaki ezisemgangathweni, fumana isisombululo kwingxaki. Zonke iintlobo zezinto ezinokuchaphazela umgangatho wonyango lobushushu zilawulwa ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezifanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho olungileyo, indlela ethembekileyo kunye nolwaneliseko oluthembekileyo kunye nolwaneliseko lwabathengi.

Umxholo woVavanyo loMgangatho wobushushu

(1) Unyango lwangaphambi kobushushu bokukrokra

Injongo yokuphathwa gadalala kunyango lwezinto eziluxolayo kukuphucula ubume obungasasebenzi, ukuze kuphelise uxinzelelo kunye nokufumana uxinzelelo kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo lonyango lobushushu. Unyango lwangaphambi kobushushu kwamanye amalungu amakhulu kukwaluphatha lokugqibela lobushushu, unyango lwangaphambi kobushushu lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuba lube yinto eqhelekileyo kunye nokungenisa.

1) Ukuxandwa kwe-shosclongs yentsimbi kulula ukuyivala ngenxa yokuba ingqumbo lishushu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ixesha elide. Emva kokuthimba, ukugcwalisa i-anneng okanye eqhelekileyo kufuneka kwenziwe kwakhona ukuze kucoce iinkozo.

2) Gqibezela intsimbi yesakhiwo isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ubume bengqolowa, ukucoca ubunzima, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-carbon kunye nendawo ephantsi ye-carbon, amalungu ashushu, aqengqelekayo kunye nokuxolela okushushu.

3) I-isothermal Anneng yentsimbi yesakhiwo isetyenziselwa ukuthambisa i-42crr yentsimbi.

4) Ukuqhekeka kwesixhobo sensimbi yensimbi Injongo yokufihla ukuqhelisela ukuqhelisela kukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza okungapheliyo.

5) Uncedo loxinzelelo lutyhila injongo yoncedo yoxinzelelo kukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-shols, iindawo ze-welding, kunye nokunciphisa inkqubo yeposi.

I-6) Ukuphinda-phinda i-revystallition ichaza injongo yokuphinda-phinda i-acystallization i-anneing kukuphelisa ukuqiniswa kokukhula komsebenzi.

7) Ukwenza intsingiselo yenjongo yokuqhelisela inyathelo lokuphucula ubume kwaye hlaziya ingqolowa, enokusetyenziswa njengonyango lwangaphambi kobushushu okanye njengonyango lobushushu.

Izakhiwo ezifunyenwe ngokuthi ziyinto ephilayo nangokuqhelekileyo yiperite. Kuvavanyo lomgangatho, ugxininiso kukwenza uvavanyo lweeparamitha zenkqubo, oko kukuthi, kwinkqubo yokuthintela kunye nokuqhelisela, i-biblographic yenkqubo, iRibbon, iRibbon, i-mesh carbide kwaye kunjalo.

(2) Ukugwetywa kwesiphene esibonakalayo kunye nesiqhelo

1) Ubunzima bensimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi buphakamile kakhulu, edla ngokubangelwa bubushushu obuphezulu kunye nereyithi yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokupholisa ngexesha lokuphola. I-carbon yekharbhoni ephezulu kakhulu kubushushu be-isothermal iphantsi, ukubamba ixesha alonelanga kwaye njalo. Ukuba ezi ngxaki zilapha ngasentla zisenzeka, ubukhali bunokuncitshiswa ngokutsha ngokutsha ngokutsha ngokwemilinganiselo yenkqubo efanelekileyo.

2) Olu hlobo lombutho luvela kwintsimbi ye-thestichectoidi kunye ne-hyperethectoid yentsimbi ye-feelte, isizathu kukuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokupholisa licotha kakhulu, linokusetyenziselwa ukuphelisa ukwenza indalo. Hlola ngokomgangatho ochaziweyo.

3) Ukuhlanjwa kwe-decanbholization xa kuqinisekisiwe, kwiziko lomoya, umthambo ngaphandle kokufudumeza kwegesi, ngenxa yokunyanzelwa kwentsimbi.

I-4) Igrafu yegrafu ye-carbon ye-carbon iveliswa kukungalungisi kweecarbides, ikakhulu ibangelwa bubushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha elide kakhulu lokufumana ixesha elide. Emva kokubonakala kwekhabhoni ye-graphite kwintsimbi, iya kufumanisa ukuba ukucima ubunzima busezantsi, inqaku elithambileyo, ukuqhekeza, kwaye ezinye iingxaki zinokuvela kuphela xa kuvela i-carbon yekharbhoni kuphela.

(3) Unyango lokugqibela lobushushu

Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wonyango lobushushu lokugqibela lokuzilawula kwimveliso kudla kubandakanya ukucingela, ukucima umlinganiso kunye nokwamkelwa.

1) Isiphoso. Ukuphelisa ukungcungcutheka kuya kutshekishwa ngokweemfuno, ezinjengenzi mpazamo kungaphezulu, kufuneka kulungiswe, kwaye ngenxa yendlela yokusebenza eqinileyo ukuze kugqitywe iimfuno kunye nokusebenza, kungabi ngaphezu kwe-2/3 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/2 isibonelelo.

2) Ukuqhekeka. Akukho zi-rock zivunyelwe kumphezulu wayo nayiphi na imisebenzi yokusebenza, ke iinxalenye zonyango lobushushu kufuneka zibe ziipesenti ezili-100 ezihloliweyo. Iindawo zoxinzelelo zoxinzelelo, iikona ezibukhali, izitshixo, imingxunya yodonga, inciniba ezinqabileyo, ukunqunyulwa kunye needenti, kufuneka zigxininiswe.

I-3) i-overtereat kwaye igqithise. Emva kokucima, umsebenzi wokusebenza awuvunyelwa ukuba ube ne-Coars Acicture Tasterite Tasterite Tasteed I-Agorite ye-Agorite ye-Axiber Aquint, ngenxa yokuba ukugqitha kwe-oxivication kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo kuya kubangela ukuncipha kwamandla.

4) I-oxidation kunye nokwahlula-hlula. Isibonelelo sokuqhubela phambili somsebenzi omncinci, i-oxidation kunye nokwahlula-hlula ukulawula ezinye izinto ezingqongqo, kwizixhobo ezinqumlayo kufuneka zibe nexesha elide kakhulu, kufuneka kube lixesha elifanayo lokuhlolwa kakhulu.

5) amabala athambileyo. Inqaku elithambileyo liza kubangela ukubambisa i-Doudpiece i-Doure kunye nomonakalo wokukhathalela, ke akukho nto ithambileyo, ukumiswa kwezizathu zokupholisa izinto ezingafunekiyo, kunye nendawo eshiyekileyo kufuneka ilungiswe ngexesha.

6) Ubunzima obungonelanga. Ngokwesiqhelo iqondo lobushushu lokuhamba-hamba liphezulu liphezulu kakhulu, i-austedite ininzi kakhulu iya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni isantya, ubushushu obuphantsi okanye ukusebenza okungapheliyo kuya kwanele ekunciphiseni ubunzima. Le meko ingentla inokulungiswa kuphela.

7) Iziqithi zokuhlambela zetyuwa. Ukuphindaphindwa okuphezulu kunye nokuphakathi kunye neflayisi yokusebenza kwelanga, akukho qhwa.

Emva kokuba impatho yokugqibela yobushushu yendawo yenxalenye ayiyi kuba nayo i-corrosion, ibhombu, i-shrinkage, umonakalo kunye nezinye iziphene.