Forgingsemva kokucima, i-martensite kunye nokugcinwa kwe-austenite ayizinzile, banombutho ozenzekelayo wenguqu kwimo yozinzo, njengekhabhoni ye-supersaturated kwi-martensite ukukhupha i-austenite eyintsalela yokubola ukuze kukhuthazwe inguqu, efana nokucaphuka ngumbutho ongekho ukulingana. ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zombutho, le nkqubo ixhomekeke kwimfuduko yeathom kunye nokusasazwa kolu gunyaziso kunye nolwakho. igqityiwe iqondo lobushushu lomlilo liphezulu, isantya esikhawulezayo sokusasazwa; Ngokuchasene noko, ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ubume bokucima bezinto zokufunxa ziya kungena uthotho lweenguqu. Ngokwemeko yenguqu ye-microstructure, i-temperature yahlulahlulwe ngokubanzi ngokwezigaba ezine: ukubola kwe-martensite, ukubola kwe-austenite okushiyekileyo, ukukhula kokuqokelela kwe-carbide kunye ne-ferrite recrystallization.
Inqanaba lokuqala (200)
(1) ukwenzaI-martensite evuthayo ibolile phantsi kwe-80 yokushisa ubushushu, ukucima intsimbi ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwe-Ming S umbutho, ukwenzeka kwekhabhoni kwi-martensite kuphela inxalenye, kwaye akukho qalisa ukudiliza kwi-80-200 tempering, i-martensite iqala ukubola, iyancipha i-carbides ecashile kakhulu, ukunciphisa iqhezu lobunzima be-martensite kwi-carbon forgings kwesi sigaba, ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi, imvula ye-martensitic kuphela inxalenye yeeathom zekhabhoni ezigqwesileyo, ngoko ke iseyikhabhoni kwi- - Fe supersaturated isisombululo esiluqilimaImvula yecarbide entle kakhulu isasazeke ngokulinganayo kwimatrix yemartensite. Isakhiwo esixubeneyo sokugcwala okuphantsi kweMartensite kunye ne-carbide entle kakhulu ibizwa ngokuba yi- tempered Martensite.
(2)ukwenzaukuphola kwinqanaba lesibini (200-300), intsalela austenite ukubola xa ubushushu benyuka ukuya 200-300, ukubola martensite waqhubeka, kodwa utshintsho olubalaseleyo yi residual austenite ukubola intsalela austenite ukubola kwaba ngokusebenzisa ukwandiswa athom carbon. ukwenza indawo eyinxenye, emva koko iboliswe ibe yi-alpha kunye nomxube we-carbide organization, eyile ukubunjwa kokuqina kwentsimbi ye-bainite akunciphisi ngokucacileyo kweli nqanaba
(3)Inqanaba lesithathu (250-400) inguqu ye-carbide ye-forging tempering ikuloluhlu lobushushu. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, amandla okusasazwa kweCarbon atom yomelele, amandla okusasaza ukubuyisela iiathom zentsimbi kwakhona, i-martensite ibolisa inguqu ye-carbides yemvula kunye nokubola okushiyekileyo kwe-austenite kuya kujikwa ibe yi-cementite ezinzileyo kunye nokwahlula kunye nokuguqulwa kwee-carbides, ukuncipha. ye-martensite kwi-carbon mass fraction, martensite lattice distortion zinyamalale, ukuguqulwa kwe-martensitic ngenxa ferrite, ukufumana ukuhanjiswa ferritic matrix ngaphakathi kwesamente encinane granular okanye lamellar umbutho, umbutho ebizwa tempering ngokusisiseko yapheliswa esi sigaba austenite quenching uxinzelelo, ubulukhuni, ukuqina plasticity kwaphuculwa.
(4)Inqanaba lesine lokufudumeza (& GT;400) likhule i-carbide iqokelelwe kwaye iphinda ihlaziywe kwakhona ye-ferrite ngenxa yobushushu bobushushu buphezulu kakhulu, i-carbon kunye nee-athom zentsimbi zinamandla okukhula, isigaba sesithathu sokwenziwa kweeflakes ze-cementite ziya kuqhubeka zi-spheroidizing kwaye zikhule. phezulu ngaphezu kwe-500-600, i-alpha recrystallization iyenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe, ilahlekelwe yi-ferrite morphology yomgca wepleyiti okanye iphepha, kunye nefom. Ukusasazwa kweenkozo zepolygon kumbutho njenge-ferritic matrix granular carbides, iqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-teering sorbite tempered sorbite eneempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini zesigaba kunye nelathisi egqwethekileyo isusa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
(ukusuka kwi-168 yokwenza umnatha)
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-05-2020