Emva kwe-annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering kunye nokulungiswa kobushushu bokulungiswa kwendawo, ukubunjwa kunokuvelisa ukuphazamiseka kwonyango lwe-thermal.

Isizathu esisisiseko sokuphazamiseka kukuxinzezeleka kwangaphakathi kwe-forging ngexesha lokunyanga ukushisa, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lokubunjwa emva kokunyangwa kobushushu luhlala luhlala ngenxa yomahluko kwiqondo lokushisa phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nokwahlukana kwinguqu yesakhiwo.

Xa olu xinzelelo ludlula isivuno sentsimbi ngexesha elithile ngexesha lokunyanga ukushisa, kuya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kokubumba.

Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswa kwinkqubo yonyango lokushisa lubandakanya uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo lokutshintsha kwesigaba.

1. Uxinzelelo lwe-thermal
Xa i-forging ishushu kwaye ipholile, ihamba kunye ne-phenomenon yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa okubandayo. Xa umphezulu kunye nombindi we-forging ufudunyezwa okanye upholile ngesantya esahlukileyo, okubangela ukuhluka kweqondo lokushisa, ukwandiswa okanye ukucutha komthamo kukwahluke kumhlaba kunye nombindi. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa utshintsho oluhlukeneyo lwevolumu ngenxa yokwahlukana kweqondo lokushisa kuthiwa yi-thermal stress.
Kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal yokubunjwa lubonakaliswa ngokukodwa: xa i-forging ifudumala, iqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu likhuphuka ngokukhawuleza kuneyona nto iphambili, iqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu liphezulu kwaye liyanda, iqondo lokushisa eliphambili liphantsi kwaye alinyuki. , ngeli xesha uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo olungundoqo.
Emva kwe-diathermy, iqondo lobushushu eliphambili liyanyuka kwaye i-forging iyanda. Ngeli xesha, ukubunjwa kubonisa ukwanda kwevolumu.
Ukupholisa kwesixhobo sokusebenza, ukupholisa komphezulu ngokukhawuleza kunombindi, ukushwabana komphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu bentliziyo ukunqanda ukushwabana, ukuxinezeleka koxinzelelo kumphezulu, intliziyo ivelisa uxinzelelo olucinezelayo, xa ipholile kwiqondo lobushushu elithile, umphezulu awusabanda, kunye nokupholisa okungundoqo okwenzekayo ngenxa yokucutheka okuqhubekayo, umphezulu luxinzelelo olucinezelayo, ngelixa intliziyo yoxinzelelo lwengqondo, uxinzelelo ekupheleni kokupholisa lusekhona ngaphakathi kwe-forgings kwaye lubizwa ngokuba uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.

2. Uxinzelelo lokutshintsha isigaba

Kwinkqubo yonyango lokushisa, ubunzima kunye nomthamo we-forgings kufuneka utshintshe ngenxa yokuba ubunzima kunye nomthamo wezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka.
Ngenxa yokwahlukana kweqondo lokushisa phakathi kwendawo kunye neyona nto iphambili yokubumba, ukuguqulwa kwezicubu phakathi kwendawo kunye nengundoqo akukafiki ngexesha, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luya kuveliswa xa ubunzima bangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nokuguqulwa kwevolumu kuyahluka.
Olu hlobo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa ngumahluko wokuguqulwa kwezicubu lubizwa ngokuba nguxinzelelo lwesigaba sokutshintsha.

Ubuninzi bezakhiwo ezisisiseko kwintsimbi zonyuka ngokulandelelana kwe-austenitic, pearlite, sostenitic, troostite, hypobainite, tempered martensite kunye ne-martensite.
Ngokomzekelo, xa i-forging icinyiwe kwaye ipholile ngokukhawuleza, umaleko womphezulu uguqulwa ukusuka kwi-austenite ukuya kwi-martensite kwaye umthamo uyandiswa, kodwa intliziyo isekwimeko ye-austenite, ukuthintela ukwandiswa komgangatho ophezulu. Ngenxa yoko, intliziyo ye-forging iphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-tensile, ngelixa i-surface layer iphantsi koxinzelelo loxinzelelo.
Xa iqhubeka nokuphola, iqondo lobushushu bomphezulu liyehla kwaye alisandi, kodwa umthamo wentliziyo uyaqhubeka nokudumba njengoko utshintsha kwi-martensite, ngoko ke uthintelwa ngumphezulu, ngoko ke intliziyo iphantsi koxinzelelo loxinzelelo, kwaye umphezulu uphantsi koxinzelelo loxinzelelo.
Emva kokupholisa iqhina, olu xinzelelo luya kuhlala lungaphakathi kwi-forging kwaye lube luxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokucima kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo lwesigaba sokutshintsha luchasene, kwaye iingcinezelo ezimbini ezihlala kwi-forging nazo zichasene.
Uxinzelelo oludibeneyo loxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo lokutshintsha kwesigaba lubizwa ngokuba ngukucima uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
Xa intsalela yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwi-forging idlula indawo yemveliso yentsimbi, i-workpiece iya kuvelisa i-deformation yeplastiki, okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokukhwabanisa.

(ukusuka: 168 forgings net)