Kuunda kasoro
Kusudi la kuunda ni kubonyeza kasoro za ndani za ingot ya chuma ili kufanya muundo kuwa mnene na kupata laini nzuri ya mtiririko wa chuma. The forming process is to make it as close as possible to the shape of the workpiece. The defects generated during forging mainly include cracks, internal forging defects, oxide scales and folds, unqualified dimensions, etc.
Sababu kuu za nyufa ni overheating ya ingot ya chuma wakati wa kupokanzwa, joto la chini sana, na kupunguza shinikizo. Wakati joto la kughushi ni chini sana, nyenzo zenyewe zina uboreshaji duni, na kiwango cha kupunguzwa kwa shinikizo wakati wa kutengeneza nyufa tensile, nk Kwa kuongezea, nyufa zinazozalishwa na kughushi hazisafishwi kwa wakati au hazijasafishwa kabisa, ambazo zinaweza kwa urahisi cause cracks to expand further. Kasoro za ndani za kughushi husababishwa sana na shinikizo la kutosha la waandishi wa habari au kiwango cha kutosha cha shinikizo, shinikizo haliwezi kupitishwa kikamilifu kwa msingi wa ingot ya chuma, mashimo ya shrinkage yanayotokana wakati wa ingot hayana shinikizo kabisa, na nafaka za dendritic ni not fully broken Shrinkage and other defects. Sababu kuu ya kiwango na kukunja ni kwamba kiwango kinachozalishwa wakati wa kutengeneza hakijasafishwa kwa wakati na inasisitizwa wakati wa kuunda, au inasababishwa na mchakato wa kughushi usio na maana. Kwa kuongezea, kasoro hizi pia zinaweza kutokea wakati uso wa tupu ni mbaya, au inapokanzwa haina usawa, au anvil na kiwango cha kupunguzwa kinachotumiwa haifai, lakini kwa sababu ni kasoro ya uso, inaweza kutolewa by mechanical methods. In addition, if the heating and forging operations are improper, it can cause the axis of the workpiece to be offset or misaligned. This is called eccentricity and bending in the forging operation, but these defects are correctable defects when the forging is continued.

(2) Kuboresha mchakato wa kuunda, idara nyingi zitasaini mchakato wa kuunda na kuimarisha mchakato wa idhini ya mchakato;

(3) Kuimarisha udhibiti wa mchakato wa kughushi, kutekeleza madhubuti mchakato, na usibadilishe vigezo vya kutengeneza ili kuhakikisha mwendelezo wa mchakato wa kughushi.