Ho lahla le ho qhekella esale e le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho sebetsa ka tšepe. Ka lebaka la liphapang tsa tlhaho lits'ebetsong tsa ho lahla le ho qhekella, ho boetse ho na le liphapang tse ngata lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tse hlahisoang ke mekhoa ena e 'meli ea ts'ebetso.

Ho lahla ke thepa e entsoeng ka kakaretso ka har'a hlobo, e nang le kabo ea khatello e tšoanang 'me ha ho na lithibelo mabapi le tataiso ea khatello; 'Me forgings e hatelloa ke matla ka lehlakoreng le le leng, kahoo khatello ea bona ea ka hare e na le tataiso 'me e ka mamella khatello ea tataiso feela.

Mabapi le ho lahla:

1. Ho lahla: Ke mokhoa oa ho qhibilihisa tšepe hore e be mokelikeli o finyellang litlhoko tse itseng ebe o o tšela ka har'a hlobo, o lateloa ke ho pholile, ho tiisa, le ho hloekisa phekolo ho fumana li-castings (likarolo kapa likheo) tse nang le libopeho, boholo le thepa e reriloeng esale pele. . Mokhoa oa mantlha oa indasteri ea tlhahiso ea mochini oa sejoale-joale.

2. Litsenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang ke ho lahla li tlaase, tse ka bonts'ang moruo oa eona hamolemo bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le libopeho tse rarahaneng, haholo-holo tse nang le likoti tse rarahaneng tsa ka hare; Ka nako e ts'oanang, e na le mokhoa o pharaletseng oa ho ikamahanya le maemo le ts'ebetso e ntle e phethahetseng ea mochini.

3. Tlhahiso ea ho lahla e hloka lisebelisoa tse ngata (tse kang tšepe, lehong, mafura, lisebelisoa tsa ho bōpa, joalo-joalo) le lisebelisoa (joaloka libopi tsa metallurgical, li-mixer tsa lehlabathe, mechine ea ho bōpa, mechine ea ho etsa core, mechine e lahlang lehlabathe, mechine ea ho thunya lehlabathe. , lipoleiti tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe, joalo-joalo), ’me li ka hlahisa lerōle, likhase tse kotsi le lerata le silafatsang tikoloho.

Casting ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea pele ea ho chesa tšepe e entsoeng ke batho, e nang le nalane ea lilemo tse ka bang 6000. Ka 3200 BC, lihoho tsa koporo li ile tsa hlaha Mesopotamia.

Pakeng tsa lekholo la bo13 le la bo10 la lilemo BC, China e ne e kene sehlohlolong sa ho etsa boronse, ka boqhetseke bo bongata. Lihlahisoa tse emelang tsa khale li kenyelletsa 875kg Simuwu Fang Ding ho tsoa Lelokong la Shang, Yizun Pan ho tloha nakong ea Warring States, le seipone se benyang se tsoang Lelokong la Han Bophirimela.

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea likarohano tsa theknoloji ea ho lahla, eo ka tloaelo e ka aroloang ka mekhahlelo e latelang ho latela mokhoa oa ho bopa:

①Ho lahla lehlabathe ho tloaelehileng

Ho kenyeletsoa mefuta e meraro: hlobo ea lehlabathe le metsi, hlobo ea lehlabathe le omeletseng, le hlobo e thata ea lehlabathe ka lik'hemik'hale;

②Ho lahla ho khethehileng ka lehlabathe le majoe

Ho lahla ho khethehileng ho sebelisa lehlabathe la tlhaho la liminerale le lehlohlojane e le lintho tse ka sehloohong tsa ho bopa (tse kang ho lahla matsete, ho lahla seretse, ho lahla likhetla tsa workshop, ho lahlela khatello e mpe, ho lahla ho tiileng, ho lahla ceramic, joalo-joalo);

③Metal e khethehileng ea ho lahla

Ho lahla ho khethehileng ho sebelisa tšepe e le lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa ho lahla (tse kang ho lahla hlobo ea tšepe, ho lahla khatello, ho lahla ho tsoelang pele, ho lahlela khatello e tlaase, ho lahla centrifugal, joalo-joalo).

Mabapi le ho qhekella:

1. Forging: Mokhoa oa ho lokisa o sebelisang mechine ea forging ho kenya khatello holim'a litšepe tsa tšepe, e leng se etsang hore li kene ka har'a polasetiki e le hore li fumane lintho tse entsoeng ka mechine, libopeho le boholo bo itseng.

2. Ho qhekella ho ka felisa porosity ea ho lahla le masoba a tšepe ea tšepe, 'me thepa ea mechine ea forgings ka kakaretso e molemo ho feta ho lahla thepa e tšoanang. Bakeng sa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse nang le meroalo e phahameng le maemo a thata a ho sebetsa ka mechine, li-forging li atisa ho sebelisoa, ntle le lipoleiti tse bonolo tse bōpehileng, li-profile, kapa likarolo tse cheselitsoeng tse ka phuthoang.

3. Forging e ka aroloa ka:

①Forging e bulehileng (ea forging mahala)

Ho kenyeletsoa mefuta e meraro: hlobo ea lehlabathe le metsi, hlobo ea lehlabathe le omeletseng, le hlobo e thata ea lehlabathe ka lik'hemik'hale;

②Mokhoa o koetsoeng oa ho qhekella

Ho lahla ho khethehileng ho sebelisa lehlabathe la tlhaho la liminerale le lehlohlojane e le lintho tse ka sehloohong tsa ho bopa (tse kang ho lahla matsete, ho lahla seretse, ho lahla likhetla tsa workshop, ho lahlela khatello e mpe, ho lahla ho tiileng, ho lahla ceramic, joalo-joalo);

③Mekhoa e meng ea ho arola li-casting

Ho ea ka mocheso deformation, forging ka aroloa ka forging chesang (processing mocheso phahameng ho feta mocheso recrystallization ea tšepe billet), forging mofuthu (tlasa mocheso recrystallization), le forging batang (mocheso oa kamore).

4. Lisebelisoa tsa ho qhekella haholo-holo ke tšepe ea carbon le alloy e nang le mefuta e sa tšoaneng, e lateloa ke aluminium, magnesium, titanium, koporo le li-alloys tsa tsona. Maemo a mantlha a thepa a kenyelletsa mekoallo, li-ingots, li-powders tsa tšepe le litšepe tse metsi.

Karo-karolelano ea sebaka sa tšepe ea tšepe pele ho deformation ho ea sebakeng se ka morao ka mor'a deformation e bitsoa "foreging ratio". Khetho e nepahetseng ea tekanyo ea ho qhekella e amana haufi-ufi le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.

Khethollo lipakeng tsa Casting le Forging:

Thetsa - Bokaholimo ba ho lahla bo lokela ho ba botenya, athe bokaholimo ba forging bo lokela ho khanya

Sheba - karolo ea tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe e bonahala e le bohlooho le e lefifi, ha karolo ea tšepe e entsoeng e bonahala e le silevera ebile e khanyang

Mamela - Mamela molumo, ho qapa ho teteaneng, molumo o monate ka mor'a ho otla, 'me molumo oa molumo ha o monate.

Ho sila - Sebelisa mochini o silang ho bentša le ho bona hore na litlhase lipakeng tsa tse peli li fapane (hangata litlolo li khanya ho feta), jj.