Phekolo ea mocheso oaforgingske sehokelo sa bohlokoa tlhahisong ea mechini. Boleng ba kalafo ea mocheso bo amana ka kotloloho le boleng ba kahare le ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa kapa likarolo. Ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse amang boleng ba phekolo ea mocheso tlhahiso. E le ho etsa bonnete ba hore boleng baforgingse finyella litlhoko tsa litekanyetso tsa naha kapa tsa indasteri, lisebelisoa tsohle tsa phekolo ea mocheso li qala ho tloha lihlahisoa tse tala ho kena fekthering, 'me tlhahlobo e tiileng e tlameha ho etsoa ka mor'a mokhoa o mong le o mong oa phekolo ea mocheso. Mathata a boleng ba sehlahisoa a ke ke a fetisetsoa ka kotloloho ts'ebetsong e latelang, e le ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa. Ho phaella moo, tlhahisong ea phekolo ea mocheso, ha hoa lekana hore mohlahlobi ea nang le bokhoni a etse tlhahlobo ea boleng le ho hlahlobaforgingska mor'a phekolo ea mocheso ho ea ka litlhoko tsa theknoloji. Mosebetsi oa bohlokoa haholo ke ho ba moeletsi ea molemo. Nakong ea phekolo ea mocheso, hoa hlokahala ho bona hore na mosebeletsi o sebelisa ka tieo melao ea ts'ebetso le hore na litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso li nepahetse. Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahlobo ea boleng haeba mathata a boleng a fumanoa ho thusa mosebeletsi ho sekaseka lisosa tsa mathata a boleng, ho fumana tharollo ea bothata. Mefuta eohle ea lintlha tse ka amang boleng ba phekolo ea mocheso li laoloa ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse tšoanelehang tse nang le boleng bo botle, ts'ebetso e ka tšeptjoang le khotsofalo ea bareki.

Likahare tsa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba kalafo ea mocheso

(1) Phekolo ea pele ho mocheso oa ho forging

Sepheo sa phekolo ea preheat ea forgings ke ho ntlafatsa microstructure le ho nolofatsa thepa e tala, e le ho nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea mechine, ho felisa khatello ea kelello le ho fumana microstructure e nepahetseng ea pele ea phekolo ea mocheso. Kalafo ea pele ho mocheso bakeng sa likarolo tse ling tse kholo e boetse e le phekolo ea ho qetela ea mocheso, phekolo ea pele ho mocheso e atisa ho sebelisoa ho tloaelehileng le ho senya.

1) The annealing annealing ea tšepe castings ho bonolo ho coarsene hobane lijo-thollo futhumatsoa phahameng mocheso nako e telele. Ka mor'a ho annealing, annealing e feletseng kapa normalizing e lokela ho etsoa hape ho hloekisa lijo-thollo.

2) Annealing e felletseng ea tšepe ea sebopeho hangata e sebelisetsoa ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa microstructure, ho hloekisa lijo-thollo, ho fokotsa ho thatafala le ho felisa khatello ea kelello ea li-castings tsa carbon steel tse mahareng le tse tlaase, likarolo tsa welding, li-rolling tse chesang le li-forging tse chesang.

3) Isothermal annealing ea alloy structural alloy annealing e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa annealing ea 42CrMo steel.

4) Spheroidizing annealing ea tšepe ea sesebelisoa Sepheo sa spheroidizing annealing ke ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho itšeha le ts'ebetso e batang ea deformation.

5) Ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello Sepheo sa ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello ke ho felisa khatello ea kelello e ka hare ea li-castings tsa tšepe, likarolo tsa welding le likarolo tse entsoeng ka mochine, le ho fokotsa ho senyeha le ho phunyeha ha ts'ebetso ea morao-rao.

6) Recrystallization annealing Sepheo sa recrystallization annealing ke ho felisa ho thatafala ha serame sa workpiece.

7) Ho tloaeleha morero oa ho tloaeleha ke ho ntlafatsa sebopeho le ho hloekisa lijo-thollo, tse ka sebelisoang e le phekolo ea pele ho mocheso kapa e le phekolo ea ho qetela ea mocheso.

Mehaho e fumanoang ka annealing le normalizing ke pearlite. Ha ho hlahlojoa boleng, ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo ke ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mekhahlelo ea ts'ebetso, ke hore, ha ho etsoa annealing le normalizing, ho phalla ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea mekhahlelo ea ts'ebetso, e leng eona ea pele, qetellong ea ts'ebetso, haholo-holo teko ea boima. , sebopeho sa metallographic, botebo ba decarbonization, le annealing normalizing lintho, ribone, mesh carbide joalo-joalo.

(2) Kahlolo ea annealing le normalizing mefokolo

1) Ho thatafala ha tšepe ea carbon e bohareng e phahame haholo, e atisang ho bakoa ke mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso le sekhahla sa ho pholisa ka potlako nakong ea annealing. High carbon tšepe boholo ba mocheso oa isothermal o tlaase, ho tšoara nako ha hoa lekana joalo-joalo. Haeba mathata a ka holimo a etsahala, boima bo ka fokotsoa ka ho tsosolosa ho ea ka mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ts'ebetso.

2) Mofuta ona oa mokhatlo o hlaha ka tšepe ea subeutectoid le hypereutectoid, subeutectoid steel network ferrite, hypereutectoid steel network carbide, lebaka ke hore mocheso oa mocheso o phahame haholo, sekhahla sa ho pholisa se lieha haholo, se ka sebelisoa ho felisa ho tloaeleha. Hlahloba ho latela maemo a boletsoeng.

3) Decarbonization ha annealing kapa normalizing, ka sebōpi sa moea, workpiece ntle le ho futhumatsa khase tšireletso, ka lebaka la oxidation ea holim'a tšepe le decarbonization.

4) Graphite carbon Graphite carbon e hlahisoa ke ho bola ha carbides, haholo-holo e bakoang ke mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso le nako e telele haholo ea ho tšoara. Ka mor'a ponahalo ea k'habone ea graphite ka tšepe, ho tla fumanoa hore boima ba ho tima bo tlaase, ntlha e bonolo, matla a tlaase, brittleness, fracture e bohlooho bo botšo le mathata a mang, 'me workpiece e ka tlosoa feela ha carbon ea graphite e hlaha.

(3) Phekolo ea ho qetela ea mocheso

Tlhahlobo ea boleng ba phekolo ea ho qetela ea mocheso oa forgings tlhahiso hangata e kenyelletsa ho tima, ho tima holim'a metsi le ho futhumatsa.

1) Phetoho. Deformation ea ho tima e lokela ho hlahlojoa ho latela litlhoko, joalo ka ha deformation e feta lipehelo, e lokela ho otlolloa, joalo ka ka lebaka le itseng e ke ke ea otlolloa, 'me deformation e feta chelete ea ho sebetsa, e ka lokisoa, mokhoa oa ho tima le ho tima. halefisa workpiece boemong bo bonolo ho otlolla ho kopana le ditlhoko hape, workpiece kakaretso ka mor'a quenching le tempering deformation, eseng ho feta 2/3 ho 1/2 tumello.

2) Ho petsoha. Ha ho mapetsong a lumelloang holim'a workpiece leha e le efe, kahoo likarolo tsa phekolo ea mocheso li tlameha ho hlahlojoa ka 100%. Libaka tsa khatello ea maikutlo, likhutlo tse bohale, litsela, likoti tse tšesaane tsa marako, li-junctions tse teteaneng, li-protrusions le li-dents, joalo-joalo, li lokela ho hatisoa.

3) Ho chesa le ho feta. Ka mor'a quenching, workpiece e sa lumelloe ho ba le mahoashe acicular martensite dinama tse nyenyane tse phahameng le lijo-thollo oxidation superheated dinama tse nyenyane tse, hobane overheating le overburning tla etsa hore ho fokotsa matla, brittleness eketseha le ho peperana bonolo.

4) Oxidation le decarbonization. Processing tumello ea workpiece e nyenyane, oxidation le decarbonization ho laola ba bang ba thata, bakeng sa ho itšeha lisebelisoa le abrading lisebelisoa, ba sa lumelloe ho ba le decarbonization phenomenon, likarolong quenching fumanoa oxidation tebileng le decarbonization, futhumatsang mocheso e lokela ho ba phahameng haholo kapa ho tšoara nako e telele haholo. , kahoo e tlameha ho ba ka nako e le 'ngoe bakeng sa ho hlahloba mocheso o feteletseng.

5) Matheba a bonolo. Soft ntlha tla etsa hore workpiece apara le tšenyo ea mokhathala, kahoo ha ho na ntlha e bonolo, ho thehoa ha mabaka a ho futhumala ho sa lokelang le pholileng kapa mokhatlo o sa lekaneng oa thepa e tala, ho ba teng ha mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng le masala a decarbonization lera, joalo-joalo, ntlha e bonolo. e lokela ho lokisoa ka nako.

6) boima bo sa lekaneng. Hangata, workpiece quenching futhumatsang mocheso ke phahameng haholo, haholo masala austenite tla lebisa phokotso ea boima, tlaase futhumatsang mocheso kapa e sa lekaneng ho tšoara nako, le quenching tsidifatso lebelo ha hoa lekana, tshebetso e sa nepahalang e tla fella ka ho sa lekaneng quenching boima. Boemo bo ka holimo bo ka lokisoa feela.

7) Sebōpi sa ho hlapa letsoai. Maqhubu a phahameng le a mahareng le sesebediswa sa ho tima lelakabe, ha ho na ketsahalo e tukang.

Ka mor'a phekolo ea ho qetela ea mocheso oa likarolo holim'a metsi a ke ke a ba le kutu, bump, shrinkage, tšenyo le liphoso tse ling.