Been abuurashowaa been-abuurka birta lagu shubay billet leh dubbe ama mashiinka cadaadiska; Sida laga soo xigtay halabuurka kiimikada, birta waxaa loo qaybin karaa birta kaarboon iyo birta aluminium

(1) Marka lagu daro birta iyo kaarboonka, halabuurka kiimikaad ee birta kaarboon waxa kale oo ku jira walxo ay ka mid yihiin silico manganese, baaruud iyo fosfooraska, kuwaas oo baaruud iyo fosfooraska ay yihiin wasakh khatar ah. Manganese silico waa curiye deoxidized ah oo lagu daray birta kaarboon inta lagu jiro habka birta samaynta. Marka loo eego waxyaabaha ka kooban kaarboonka ee kala duwan ee birta kaarboon, waxa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddexda nooc ee soo socda:
Birta kaarboonka ee hooseeya: Waxyaabaha kaarboonku waa 0.04% -0.25%;
Birta kaarboon dhexdhexaadka ah: 0.25% -0.55% kaarboonka;
Birta kaarboonka sare: Waxa ku jira kaarboon ka badan 0.55%
(2) Biraha birta ah waxaa lagu daraa hal ama dhowr ka mid ah walxo daawaynta ee birta kaarboonka ah iyo birta dabka leh ee sida birta ah waxay ka kooban tahay labadaba silikoon manganese walxo ama walxo adag, sidoo kale waxaa ku jira walxo kale oo alloying ah, sida nikkel chromium molybdenum vanadium tungsten cobalt aluminium zirconium niobium iyo curiyayaasha dhulka naadir ah iwm. Intaa waxa dheer, birta daawaha kalsiyumku waxay ka kooban tahay boron iyo nitrogen iwm. Curiyaha birta ah, waxa loo qaybiyaa saddexda qaybood ee soo socda:

Birta daawaha hoose: wadarta guud ee ka kooban walxuhu waa wax ka yar 3.5%;
Birta daawaha dhexdhexaadka ah: wadarta guud ee ka kooban element alloying waa 3.5-10%;
Bir daawaha sare: wadarta walxaha alloying ka kooban yahay in ka badan 10%
Marka loo eego tirada walxaha alloy kala duwan ee ku jira birta daawaha, sidoo kale waxaa loo qaybin karaa binaryar ternary iyo birta aluminiumka badan ee walxaha dheeriga ah, marka loo eego noocyada walxaha alloy ee ku jira birta, waxaa loo qaybin karaa birta manganese, birta chromium, Birta boron, birta silikoon, birta manganese, birta chromium manganese, birta molybdenum, chromium molybdenum, birta tungsten vanadium iyo wixii la mid ah