Kupisa kurapwa kweforgingschinhu chakakosha chinongedzo mukugadzira michina. Hunhu hwekupisa kupisa hunoenderana zvakananga neiyo intrinsic kunaka uye kuita kwezvigadzirwa kana zvikamu. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa hutano hwekupisa kupisa mukugadzirwa. Kuti uone kuti kunaka kweforgingsinosangana nezvinodiwa zveyenyika kana indasitiri zviyero, ese ekupisa kurapwa forgings anotanga kubva kune mbishi kupinda mufekitori, uye kuongororwa kwakasimba kunofanira kuitwa mushure mega ega kupisa maitiro. Zvinetso zvemhando yechigadzirwa hazvigone kutamiswa zvakananga kune inotevera maitiro, kuitira kuve nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa. Uye zvakare, mukugadzira kupisa kwekupisa, hazvina kukwana kuti muongorori ane hunyanzvi aite kuongororwa kwemhando uye kutarisa paneforgingsmushure mekupisa kurapwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi. Basa rinokosha nderekuva mupi wemazano akanaka. Mukuita kwekupisa kwekupisa, zvinodikanwa kuti uone kana mutyairi anonyatso shandisa iyo nzira yemitemo uye kana maparamita ekuita akarurama. Mukuita kwekuongorora kwemhando yepamusoro kana matambudziko emhando akawanikwa kubatsira mushandisi kuongorora zvikonzero zvehutano hwemhando, tsvaga mhinduro yedambudziko. Mhando dzese dzezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwekupisa kupisa zvinodzorwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, kuita kwakavimbika uye kugutsikana kwevatengi.

Zviri mukati mekupisa kurapwa kwemhando yekuongorora

(1) Pre-heat kurapwa kwefogi

Chinangwa che preheat kurapwa kwe forgings ndechekuvandudza microstructure uye kupfava kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira, kuitira kufambisa mashandiro emuchina, kubvisa kushushikana uye kuwana yakakodzera yepakutanga microstructure yekupisa kurapwa. Pre-heat kurapwa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvakakura zvakare ndiyo yekupedzisira kupisa kurapwa, pre-kupisa kurapwa kunowanzo shandiswa normalizing uye annealing.

1) The diffusion annealing yesimbi castings iri nyore kuita coarsene nekuti zviyo zvinopisa pakupisa kwakanyanya kwenguva yakareba. Mushure mekuvhara, kupedzisa annealing kana normalizing inofanira kuitwa zvakare kunatsa zviyo.

2) Kuzadza annealing yesimbi yezvimiro inowanzo shandiswa kuvandudza microstructure, kunatsa zviyo, kuderedza kuomarara uye kubvisa kushushikana kwepakati uye yakaderera kabhoni simbi castings, welding zvikamu, inopisa kukungurutswa uye inopisa forgings.

3) Isothermal annealing yealloy structural simbi inonyanya kushandiswa kuvharisa 42CrMo simbi.

4) Spheroidizing annealing yechishandiso simbi Chinangwa che spheroidizing annealing ndechekuvandudza kucheka kuita uye kutonhora deformation kuita.

5) Stress reruvement annealing Chinangwa chekurerutsira kushungurudza annealing ndechekubvisa kushushikana kwemukati kwesimbi castings, welding zvikamu uye zvikamu zvemuchina, uye kuderedza deformation uye kuputika kweiyo post-maitiro.

6) Recrystallization annealing Chinangwa che recrystallization annealing ndechekubvisa kutonhora kuoma kweworkpiece.

7) Normalizing chinangwa che normalizing ndechekuvandudza chimiro uye kunatsa zviyo, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa se-pre-heat treatment kana sekupedzisira kupisa kupisa.

Izvo zvimiro zvinowanikwa neannealing uye normalizing ndeye pearlite. Mukuongorora kwemhando, chinotariswa ndechekuita ongororo yemaitiro paramita, ndiko kuti, mukuita kweannealing uye normalizing, ita kuyerera tarisa kuitiswa kwemaitiro paramita, inova yekutanga, pakupera kwemaitiro kunyanya kuyedza kuomarara. , metallographic chimiro, decarbonization kudzika, uye annealing normalizing zvinhu, ribhoni, mesh carbide zvichingodaro.

(2) Mutongo we annealing uye normalizing kuremara

1) Kuomarara kwepakati kabhoni simbi kwakakwira zvakanyanya, izvo zvinowanzo konzerwa nekupisa kwekupisa uye kukurumidza kutonhora kutonhora panguva yekuvhara. Yakakwira kabhoni simbi yakanyanya isothermal tembiricha yakaderera, kubata nguva haina kukwana uye zvichingodaro. Kana matambudziko ari pamusoro akaitika, kuoma kunogona kuderedzwa nekugadzirisa zvakare maererano nemaitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro.

2) Iyi mhando yesangano inoonekwa mu subeutectoid uye hypereutectoid simbi, subeutectoid simbi network ferrite, hypereutectoid simbi network carbide, chikonzero ndechekuti tembiricha yekudziya yakanyanya, kutonhora kunonoka, kunogona kushandiswa kubvisa normalizing. Ongorora zvinoenderana nechiyero chakataurwa.

3) Decarbonization paunenge uchinyungudika kana kuti normalizing, muchoto chemhepo, iyo workpiece isina gasi kudzivirira kupisa, nekuda kweiyo oxidation yesimbi pamusoro uye decarbonization.

4) Graphite kabhoni Graphite kabhoni inogadzirwa nekuparara kwecarbides, inonyanya kukonzerwa nekupisa kwekushisa kwakanyanya uye nguva yakareba yekubata. Mushure mekuonekwa kwe graphite kabhoni musimbi, zvichaonekwa kuti iyo yekudzima kuoma kwakaderera, yakapfava, yakaderera simba, brittleness, kutsemuka kune grey dema uye mamwe matambudziko, uye workpiece inogona kungoputswa kana kabhoni yegraphite ichioneka.

(3) Kurapa kwekupisa kwekupedzisira

Kuongororwa kwemhando yekurapa kwekupedzisira kwekupisa kwekugadzira mukugadzira kunowanzo sanganisira kudzima, kudzima kwepamusoro uye kupisa.

1) Deformation. Kudzima deformation kunofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, senge deformation inodarika zvakapihwa, inofanirwa kutwasanudzwa, senge nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero haigone kutwasanudzwa, uye deformation inodarika iyo yekubvumidza kugadzirisa, inogona kugadziriswa, nzira ndeyekudzima uye hasha workpiece ari nyoro mamiriro kutwasanuka kusangana zvinodiwa zvakare, mukuru workpiece pashure quenching uye tempering deformation, kwete kupfuura 2/3 kuti 1/2 mugove.

2) Kutsemuka. Hapana kuputika kunobvumirwa pamusoro pechinhu chero chipi zvacho chebasa, saka zvikamu zvekupisa zvinofanirwa kuongororwa 100%. Nzvimbo dzekudzvanyirira, makona akapinza, makiyi, maburi matete emadziro, makobvu-matete majunctions, protrusions uye dents, nezvimwe, zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa.

3) Kupisa uye kupisa. Mushure mekudzima, iyo workpiece haibvumidzwe kuva necoarse acicular martensite superheated tissue uye zviyo muganhu oxidation superheated tishu, nokuti overheating uye overburning kuchaita kuderedza simba, brittleness kuwedzera uye nyore kuputika.

4) Oxidation uye decarbonization. Kugadziriswa kwemvumo yediki workpiece, oxidation uye decarbonization kudzora mamwe akasimba, ekucheka maturusi uye abrading maturusi, asingabvumidzwe kuve nedecarbonization chiitiko, muzvikamu zvekudzima zvakawanikwa zvakakomba oxidation uye decarbonization, tembiricha yekudziya inofanira kunge yakanyanya kana kubata nguva yakarebesa. , saka inofanira kuva panguva imwechete yekuongorora kupisa.

5) Nzvimbo dzakapfava. Soft point ichaita kuti workpiece ipfeke uye kukuvara kwekuneta, saka hapana nyoro, kuumbwa kwezvikonzero zvekupisa zvisina kufanira uye kutonhora kana kusaenzana kurongeka kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, kuvepo kwebhandi sangano uye yakasara decarbonization layer, zvichingodaro, nyoro pfungwa. inofanira kugadziriswa nenguva.

6) Kusakwana kuoma. Kazhinji workpiece quenching kudziyisa tembiricha yakawandisa, yakawandisa residual austenite kuchaita kuti kuderedza kuomarara, yakaderera kupisa tembiricha kana kusakwana kubata nguva, uye quenching kutonhora kumhanya hakuna kukwana, zvisina kufanira kushanda kuchaguma kusakwana quenching kuoma. Mamiriro ari pamusoro apa anogona kugadziriswa chete.

7) Choto chekugezera munyu. Yakakwirira uye yepakati frequency uye murazvo unodzima workpiece, hapana kupisa chiitiko.

Mushure mekupisa kwekupedzisira kurapwa kwezvikamu zvepasi hazvizove nekuora, bump, shrinkage, kukuvara uye zvimwe zvikanganiso.