1. The ferrite
Ferrite ndeye interstitial yakasimba mhinduro inoumbwa nekabhoni yakanyungudika mu -Fe. Inowanzo kuratidzwa se kana F.Inochengetedza iyo yakawanda-centered cubic lattice structure ye alpha -Fe.Ferrite ine low carbon content, uye maitiro ayo emagetsi ari pedyo neaya esimbi yakachena, plastiki yakakwirira uye kuoma, uye kuderera kwesimba uye kuoma.
2. The austenite
Austenite is A interstitial solid solution ye carbon yakanyungudutswa mu -Fe, inowanzoratidzwa se kana A.Inochengetedza chiso-centered cubic lattice structure ye gamma-Fe.Austenite ine yakakwirira carbon solubility kupfuura ferrite, uye maitiro ayo emagetsi anoratidzwa nepurasitiki yakanaka. , simba rakaderera, kuoma kwakaderera uye nyore kushanduka kwepurasitiki.

3. Simende
Cementite inhengo inoumbwa nesimbi uye carbon, iyo makemikari emakemikari anonzi Fe3C.Iyo ine 6.69% kabhoni uye ine yakaoma crystal structure.Simentite ine yakanyanya kuoma, yakashata plastiki, inenge zero, uye yakaoma uye inoputika chikamu. Cementite inoita basa rekusimbisa mucarbon simbi.Mu iron-carbon alloys, iyo yakakwira kabhoni yemukati, iyo yakawanda simende, inowedzera kuoma uye kuderera kwepurasitiki yesimbi. alloys.
4. Pearlite
Pearlite is a mechanical musanganiswa weferrite uye cementite, kazhinji inoratidzwa neP. Ivhareji yekabhoni yepearlite ndeye 0.77%, uye maitiro ayo emagetsi ari pakati pe ferrite ne cementite, ane simba guru, kuoma kwepakati uye mamwe mapurasitiki. simenti inogona kugoverwa mune granular fomu pane ferrite matrix. Rudzi urwu rwechimiro runodaidzwa kuti spherical pearlite, uye kuita kwayo kwakazara kuri nani.
5. Ledeburite
Leutenite is a mechanical musanganiswa we austenite uye cementite, kazhinji inoratidzwa seLd. Ivhareji yekabhoni yeLeutenite yaiva 4.3%.Kana yakanyoroveswa kusvika ku727 ℃, iyo austenite mu leustenite ichashandurwa kuva pearlite.Saka pasi pe727 ℃, leutenite inosanganisira pearlite uye cementite, inonzi leutenite panguva yakaderera tembiricha, inofananidzwa naLd '.The microstructure yeLeutenite inobva pane cementite, saka maitiro ayo emagetsi akaoma uye ane brittle.