Kupanga ma flanges a carbon steelmomwekuzizira kozizira is zachinyengopa kutentha otsika, kukula kwaflange wopangidwakusintha pang'ono kwambiri. Litikupanga apa700 ℃, sikelo yocheperako ya oxide imapangidwa ndipo palibe decarbonization yomwe imachitika pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, bola mapindikidwewo atha kukhala mkati mwamtundu wopangira mphamvu, kuzizira kozizira ndikosavuta kupeza kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kutha kwapamwamba. Malingana ngati kutentha ndi kuziziritsa kodzola kumayendetsedwa bwino, kulondola kwabwino kungapezeke popanga kutentha mpaka 700 ℃.Kuzizira kufa kupangira, ozizira extrusion, ozizira mutu ndi processing zina pulasitiki pamodzi. Cold forging ndi ndondomeko akamaumba m'munsimu kutentha recrystallization wa zinthu, ndi forging ikuchitika pansi pa kutentha kuchira. Mu kupanga, ndikupangawosatenthedwa akusowekapo amatchedwa ozizira forging. Zida zoziziritsa kuzizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi, mkuwa ndi ma aloyi ena, chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, chitsulo chapakati cha carbon ndi chitsulo chochepa cha alloy structural chitsulo chokhala ndi kukana kosinthika komanso pulasitiki wabwino kutentha. Zozizira zozizira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, olondola kwambiri ndipo zimatha m'malo mwa kudula kwina. Kuzizira kozizira kumalimbitsa chitsulo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya flange.
Kukula kwa luso ozizira kupeka makamaka kukhala ndi zinthu mkulu-mtengo anawonjezera, kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga, pa nthawi yomweyo, komanso mosalekeza kudula, ufa zitsulo, kuponyera, otentha forging, pepala zitsulo kupanga ndondomeko ndi madera ena a malowedwe kapena m'malo, zitha kuphatikizidwanso ndi njirazi kuti mupange gulu lophatikizika.

Thekutentha kwa flangesndi: nthawikutentha kwachangu, ma flanges akuluakulundi mawonekedwe ovuta akhoza kupangidwa chifukwa mphamvu zowonongeka ndi kukana kwa deformation ndizochepa kwambiri. Pama flanges owoneka bwino kwambiri, kupangira kotentha kumapezeka mumitundu yotentha ya 900-1000 ℃. Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwongolera malo ogwirira ntchito otentha. Forging kufa moyo (wotentha forging 2-5 zikwi, ofunda forging 10-20 zikwi, ozizira forging 20-50 zikwi) ndi lalifupi kuposa ena kutentha dera forging, koma ali ndi digiri yaikulu ya ufulu, mtengo wotsika. Cholinga cha otentha kupanga flange makamaka kuchepetsa mapindikidwe kukana zitsulo, kuti achepetse zoipa zinthu mapindikidwe chofunika forging kuthamanga, kuti tonnage wa kugumba zida yafupika kwambiri; Popanga kutentha kotentha, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a ingot yachitsulo amasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe atsopano okhala ndi njere zabwino kudzera mu recrystallization, ndipo zolakwika za kapangidwe kake zimachepetsedwa ndipo zida zamakina zachitsulo zimasinthidwa.