Kupanga zolakwika
Cholinga cha kupanga ndikukankhira zolakwika zamkati zachitsulo chachitsulo kuti chipangidwecho chikhale chokhuthala ndikupeza mzere wabwino wachitsulo. Njira yopangira ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale pafupi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a workpiece. Zowonongeka zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yopangira zida makamaka zimaphatikizapo ming'alu, zolakwika zopangira mkati, masikelo a oxide ndi makulidwe, miyeso yosayenerera, ndi zina zambiri.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu ndi kutenthedwa kwa ingot yachitsulo panthawi yotentha, kutentha kotsika kwambiri, komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwambiri. Kutentha kukakhala kotsika kwambiri, zinthuzo zimakhala ndi pulasitiki wosauka, komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono pakupanga ming'alu ya Tensile, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ming'alu yopangidwa ndi forging siyimatsukidwa nthawi yayitali kapena yosatsukidwa bwino, yomwe imatha yambitsani ming'alu kukulirakulira. Zowonongeka zamkati zamkati zimayamba makamaka chifukwa cha kupanikizika kosakwanira kwa makina osindikizira kapena kupanikizika kosakwanira, kupanikizika sikungapitirire mokwanira pakatikati pa chitsulo chachitsulo, mabowo a shrinkage omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya ingot samakakamizidwa mokwanira, ndipo mbewu za dendritic ndizo. osasweka kwathunthu Shrinkage ndi zolakwika zina. Chifukwa chachikulu cha sikelo ndi kupukutira ndikuti sikelo yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yopukutira sichitsukidwa munthawi yake ndipo imakanikizidwa muzolembazo panthawi yolemba, kapena imayamba chifukwa cha njira yopangira zinthu zopanda nzeru. Kuonjezera apo, zolakwikazi zimathanso kuchitika pamene pamwamba pa chopanda kanthu ndi choipa, kapena kutentha kuli kosagwirizana, kapena anvil ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito sikuli koyenera, koma chifukwa ndi vuto lapamwamba, likhoza kuchotsedwa. ndi njira zamakina. Kuonjezera apo, ngati ntchito zowotchera ndi zowonongeka zili zosayenera, zingayambitse olamulira a workpiece kuti athetsedwe kapena kusokoneza. Izi zimatchedwa eccentricity ndi kupinda mu ntchito yopangira, koma zolakwika izi ndi zolakwika zomwe zingatheke pamene kupeka kukupitirira.

Kupewa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakunyengerera kumaphatikizapo:

(1) Kuwongolera moyenera kutentha kwa kutentha kuti zisatenthe kwambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono;

(2) Kupititsa patsogolo njira yopangira zinthu, madipatimenti ambiri adzasaina njira yopangira zinthu ndikulimbitsa njira yovomerezera;

( 3) Limbikitsani ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito, yesetsani kukhazikitsa ndondomekoyi, ndipo musasinthe magawo opangira pa chifuniro kuti muwonetsetse kupitiriza kwa ndondomekoyi.