Forging akhoza kugawidwa m'njira zotsatirazi:

1. Sankhani molingana ndi kuyika kwa zida zopangira ndi nkhungu.

2. Wodziwika ndi kupanga kupanga kutentha.

3. Sankhani molingana ndi njira yoyendetsera wachibale ya zida zopangira ndi zida zogwirira ntchito.

Kukonzekera kusanachitike kumaphatikizapo kusankha kwazinthu zopangira, kuwerengera zinthu, kudula, kutentha, kuwerengera mphamvu ya deformation, kusankha zida, ndi mapangidwe a nkhungu. Pamaso forging, m`pofunika kusankha bwino kondomu njira ndi lubricant.

Zipangizo zopangira zida zimaphimba mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza magiredi osiyanasiyana azitsulo ndi aloyi otentha kwambiri, komanso zitsulo zopanda chitsulo monga aluminiyamu, magnesium, ndi mkuwa; Pali ndodo ndi mbiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakonzedwa kamodzi, komanso ma ingots amitundu yosiyanasiyana; Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zopangidwa m'nyumba zoyenera kuzinthu zadziko lathu, palinso zida zochokera kunja. Zambiri mwazinthu zopangira zida zalembedwa kale mumiyezo yadziko. Palinso zida zambiri zatsopano zomwe zapangidwa, zoyesedwa, ndi zolimbikitsidwa. Monga zimadziwika bwino, ubwino wa mankhwala nthawi zambiri umagwirizana kwambiri ndi ubwino wa zipangizo. Chifukwa chake, ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chozama komanso chozama cha zida ndikukhala bwino posankha zida zoyenera malinga ndi zomwe zimafunikira.

Mawerengedwe azinthu ndi kudula ndi njira zofunika pakuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu ndikukwaniritsa zomwe zasokonekera. Zinthu zochulukirapo sizimangowononga, komanso zimawonjezera kuvala kwa nkhungu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ngati palibe malire ang'onoang'ono omwe atsala panthawi yodula, izi zidzawonjezera vuto la kusintha kwa ndondomeko ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zidutswa. Komanso, khalidwe la kudula mapeto nkhope kumathandizanso pa ndondomeko ndi kupanga khalidwe.

Cholinga cha kutentha ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yopangira ma deformation ndikuwongolera pulasitiki yachitsulo. Koma kutenthetsa kumabweretsanso mavuto angapo, monga oxidation, decarburization, overheating, and overburning. Kuwongolera moyenera kutentha koyambirira komanso komaliza kumakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a microstructure ndi katundu wa chinthucho. Kuwotcha kwa ng'anjo yamoto kumakhala ndi ubwino wotsika mtengo komanso kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, koma nthawi yotentha ndi yaitali, yomwe imakonda ma oxidation ndi decarburization, komanso momwe ntchito zimagwirira ntchito ziyenera kusinthidwa mosalekeza. Kutentha kwa induction kuli ndi ubwino wotenthetsa msanga komanso kutulutsa okosijeni pang'ono, koma kusinthasintha kwake ndikusintha kwa mawonekedwe azinthu, kukula, ndi zinthu ndizosauka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakuwotcha kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu popanga kupanga ndipo kuyenera kuyamikiridwa mokwanira.

Kupanga kumapangidwa ndi mphamvu yakunja. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengera kolondola kwa mphamvu yopindika ndiye maziko osankha zida ndikutsimikizira nkhungu. Kusanthula kupsinjika kwapakatikati mwa thupi lopunduka ndikofunikiranso kuti mukwaniritse bwino ntchitoyi ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a microstructure ndi katundu wa forgings. Pali njira zinayi zazikulu zowunikira mphamvu ya deformation. Ngakhale njira yayikulu yolimbikitsira sizovuta kwambiri, ndizosavuta komanso zowoneka bwino. Ikhoza kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika ndi kugawanika kwa kupsinjika pa malo okhudzana pakati pa workpiece ndi chida, ndipo imatha kuona mwachidwi chikoka cha chiŵerengero cha mbali ndi kugunda kwachitsulo cha workpiece pa icho; Njira yotsetsereka ndiyokhazikika pamavuto amtundu wandege ndipo imapereka yankho lachidziwitso pakugawa kupsinjika pakusinthika kwamagulu am'derali. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndikocheperako ndipo sikunatchulidwe kawirikawiri m'mabuku aposachedwa; Njira yapamwamba imatha kupereka zolemetsa zochulukirapo, koma kuchokera kumaphunziro amaphunziro, sizolimba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupereka chidziwitso chochepa kwambiri kuposa njira yomaliza, chifukwa chake sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito posachedwa; Njira yotsirizira yazinthu sizingangopereka katundu wakunja ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a workpiece, komanso kupereka kugawa kwapakati-kupsinjika maganizo ndikudziwiratu zolakwika zomwe zingatheke, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yogwira ntchito kwambiri. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yowerengera yomwe ikufunika komanso kufunika kowongolera zinthu zaukadaulo monga kujambulanso gridi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kunali kumayunivesite ndi mabungwe ofufuza asayansi okha. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kutchuka komanso kuwongolera mwachangu kwa makompyuta, komanso pulogalamu yowonjezereka yazamalonda yowunikira zinthu zomaliza, njira iyi yakhala chida chowunikira komanso chowerengera.

Kuchepetsa kukangana sikungapulumutse mphamvu zokha, komanso kusintha moyo wa nkhungu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zochepetsera mikangano ndikugwiritsa ntchito lubrication, yomwe imathandizira kukonza ma microstructure ndi katundu wa chinthucho chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ofanana. Chifukwa cha njira zopangira mosiyanasiyana komanso kutentha kwa ntchito, mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amasiyananso. Mafuta agalasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma aloyi otentha kwambiri komanso ma aloyi a titaniyamu. Pakupanga zitsulo zotentha, graphite yochokera m'madzi ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kwa kuzizira kozizira, chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwakukulu, mankhwala a phosphate kapena oxalate nthawi zambiri amafunikira musanapange.