Chifukwa chosapangazopangira zitsuloNthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo ofunikira a makina, kotero kuti khalidwe lamkati la zosapanga dzimbirizopangira zitsulondizofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa mkati khalidwe la zosapanga dzimbirizopangira zitsulosangayesedwe ndi njira yodziwika bwino, kotero njira zapadera zowunikira thupi ndi mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa.

Choyamba, makina zimatha forgings
The makina katundu wazojambulazimatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi zofunikira zamalonda. Njira zoyesera zimagawidwa kukhala kuyesa kuuma, kuyesa kwamphamvu, kuyesa kwamphamvu ndi kuyesa kutopa.
1. Mayeso olimba
Kuuma ndi kukana mapindikidwe a zinthu zakuthupi, ndi index yomwe imayesa zitsulo zofewa molimba. Kuuma ndi zinthu zina zamakina zimakhala ndi ubale wina wamkati, kotero kuti zida zina zamakina zitha kuwerengedwa ndi kuuma mtengo. Mayeso olimba safunikira kukonzekera zitsanzo zapadera, kapena kuwononga chitsanzocho, chifukwa chake kuyesa kuuma ndi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga njira yoyesera katundu wamakina.
Njira zoyezera kuuma zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana ndi: Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRC), Vickers hardness (HV), Shore hardness (HS), ndi tester yofananira.
2. Kuyesa kwamphamvu
Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamakokedwe ku chitsanzo cha mawonekedwe enaake ndi makina osunthika, kupsinjika kwakutalika kofanana, mfundo yokolola, mphamvu zamakokedwe, kutalika ndi kuchepetsa gawo lazinthu zachitsulo zimayesedwa.
3. Kuyesa kwamphamvu
Kulimba kwachitsulo kwachitsulo kunapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito pendulum yothamanga kwambiri kuti ikhudze chitsanzocho ndi notch.
4. Kutopa kuyeza
Malire otopa ndi mphamvu zotopa zachitsulo zimatha kuyesedwa pambuyo mobwerezabwereza kapena kusinthasintha maganizo.
Awiri, kuyendera kosawononga kwa kupanga
Kuyesa kosawonongeka kumatha kugawidwa mu kuyesa kwa radiographic, kuyesa kwa akupanga, kuyesa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuyesa kwa seepage ndi kuyesa kwa eddy komweko. Forgings amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyesa kwa akupanga komanso kuyesa kwa tinthu tating'ono.
1. Akupanga kuyendera
Akupanga yoweyula (mafupipafupi amakhala wamkulu kuposa 20000Hz) zimasonyeza ndi refract pa mawonekedwe a zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali zolakwika zazinthu zosiyanasiyana muzinthu zolimba, chiwonetsero cha mafunde ndi kutsitsa kumapangidwa. Kukhalapo kwa zolakwika kumatha kuweruzidwa ndi ma waveform sign.
Kwa zazikulu ndi zapakatizojambula, kuyezetsa kwa akupanga ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika pakuyesa kosawononga.
2. Maginito tinthu anayendera
Zowonongeka monga ming'alu, pores ndi nonmetallic inclusions pamwamba ndi pafupi ndi pamwamba pa kupanga zikhoza kufufuzidwa ndi maginito particle inspection. Chifukwa cha zida zake zosavuta, ntchito yabwino komanso kukhudzidwa kwambiri, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zida zazing'ono komanso zapakatikati zomwe zimapangidwa mochulukirapo.
Chachitatu, mphamvu yochepa ndi kuyesa kwa fracture
Kuwunika kwamagetsi otsika ndi chitsanzo pambuyo pa kuchuluka kwa kukonza, ndiyeno ndi maso amaliseche mu 10 ~ 30 nthawi ya galasi lokulitsa kuti muwone chitsanzo, kuti mupeze zolakwika zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Streamline, dendrite, loose, naphthalene, kuthyoka kwa miyala ndi zolakwika zina zitha kufufuzidwa podula zitsanzo zowongoka komanso etching ya asidi. Pofuna kuzindikira tsankho, makamaka kugawa kosagwirizana kwa sulfide, njira yosindikizira ya sulfure imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chachinayi, kuyendera kwamphamvu kwambiri
Zopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zidzapangidwa kukhala chitsanzo china pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti ziwone zojambula zamkati (kapena zowonongeka) pa chikhalidwe cha bungwe kapena zolakwika zazing'ono. Mapangidwe amkati ndi kugawa kwa inclusions kwa forging kumatha kufufuzidwa podula chitsanzo chautali. Zowonongeka zapamtunda monga decarburization, coarse-grained, carburized and hardly layers zitha kuwunikiridwa podula zitsanzo zopingasa.