Kuyang'anira mawonekedwe amawonekedwe nthawi zambiri sikukhala kowononga, nthawi zambiri ndi maso kapena kuyang'ana magalasi ocheperako, ngati kuli kofunikira, gwiritsaninso ntchito njira yoyendera yosawononga.
The anayendera njira za mkati khalidwe lazojambula zolemeraKutha kufotokozedwa mwachidule monga: kuyang'anira gulu la macroscopic, kuyang'ana kwamagulu ang'onoang'ono, kuyang'anira katundu wamakina, kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi kuyesa kosawononga.
Macroscopic microstructure test ndi mtundu woyeserera kuti muwone ndikuwunika mawonekedwe amphamvu amphamvu a microstructure.kupangandi galasi lokulitsa lowoneka kapena lochepa mphamvu. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira mawonekedwe a macroscopiczojambulandi njira zowononga mphamvu zochepa (kuphatikiza dzimbiri zotentha, kuzizira ndi njira ya electrolytic corrosion), kuyesa kwa fracture ndi njira yosindikiza ya sulfure.

Lamulo loyang'ana ma Microstructure ndikugwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu yowunikira kuti muwone mawonekedwe a microstructurezojambulaza zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zowunikira nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kukula kwa tirigu, kapena kukula kwa mbewu pa kutentha komwe kwadziwika, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwake kwambewu, kuphatikizika kwachitsulo, ma microstructure monga decarburization layer, eutectic carbide inhomogeneity, overheat, overburn ndi zina zofunika microstructure, etc.
Mawotchi katundu ndi ndondomeko ntchito kuyendera ndi kukhala otsiriza kutentha mankhwala azojambulandi zidutswa zoyesera zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala chitsanzo chodziwika pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyesera, makina oyesa mphamvu, makina oyesa kupirira, makina oyesa kutopa, kuyesa kuuma ndi zida zina kuti adziwe zomwe zimapangidwira komanso ndondomeko ya ntchito.
Kuyesa kwama Chemical nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamankhwala kapena kusanthula kwazinthu zoyeserera ndikuyesa, ndikukula kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kusanthula kwamankhwala komanso kusanthula kwa mawonekedwe a njira zake zowunikira zapita patsogolo. Pakuti kusanthula sipekitiramu, tsopano si ntchito sipekitiramu njira ndi spectroscopic njira kusanthula chigawo chimodzi, zikamera wa photoelectric spectrometer osati mofulumira kusanthula, komanso kwambiri bwino kulondola, ndi zikamera wa plasma photoelectric spectrometer kwasintha kwambiri kusanthula. kulondola, kusanthula kwake kulondola kumatha kufika pamlingo wa 10-6, Njirayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri pakuwunika zonyansa zovulaza monga As. Pb, As, Sn, Sb, Bi mu superalloy forgings.
Zanenedwa pamwambapa, njira yoyesera, kulinganiza kwa macroscopic, komanso kupanga ndi kuyesa kwa microstructure kapena magwiridwe antchito kapena njira, zonse ndi za njira yoyeserera yowononga, chifukwa njira zina zolemetsa za njira zowononga sizingagwirizane ndi zomwe zimafunikira pakuwunika kwamtundu wina. dzanja, izi ndi chifukwa si chuma, Komano makamaka pofuna kupewa mbali imodzi ya mayesero owononga. Kukula kwaukadaulo wa NDT kumapereka njira zapamwamba komanso zabwino kwambirikupangakuyendera khalidwe.
Njira zoyesera zosawonongeka zopangira kuyang'anira khalidwe nthawi zambiri ndi: njira yoyendera maginito ufa, njira yowunikira malowedwe, njira yowunikira pano ya eddy, njira yoyendera akupanga.

Njira yoyendera maginito tinthu tating'onoting'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyang'ana pamwamba kapena pafupi ndi zolakwika za chitsulo kapena aloyi ya ferromagnetic.zojambula, monga ming'alu, makwinya, mawanga oyera, osakhala zitsulo inclusions, delamination, pindani, carbide kapena ferritic magulu, etc. Njira imeneyi ndi oyenera anayendera ferromagnetic.zojambula, koma osati zopangira zopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha austenitic.
Njira yowunikira yolowera sikungoyang'ana maginito azinthu, komanso kuyang'ana zolakwika zapazinthu zopanda ferromagnetic.zojambula, monga ming'alu, looseness, kupindika, etc. Nthawi zambiri, amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayang'ane zowonongeka za zinthu zopanda ferromagnetic, ndipo sangapeze zolakwika zobisika pansi pa nthaka. Kuyesa kwapano kwa Eddy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zolakwika zapamtunda kapena pafupi ndi zinthu zowongolera.
Akupanga kuyendera njira ntchito kufufuza mkati zolakwa forgings monga shrinkage patsekeke, woyera banga, pachimake mng'alu, slag kuphatikiza, etc. Ngakhale njirayi ndi yabwino, mofulumira komanso ndalama, n'zovuta kudziwa molondola chikhalidwe cha zolakwika.