Zida ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kwaulere ndizosavuta, zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zotsika mtengo. Poyerekeza ndi kuponya opanda kanthu,mfulu kupangaamachotsa shrinkage patsekeke, shrinkage porosity, porosity ndi zolakwika zina, kotero kuti akusowekapo ali apamwamba makina katundu.Zopangirandizosavuta m'mawonekedwe komanso zosinthika pogwira ntchito. Choncho, ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga makina olemera ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri.
Munda wofunsira
Zolemba zaulereamalamulidwa ndi ntchito pamanja mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwazojambula,ndipokukonza molondolandi otsika, processing allowance ndi lalikulu, ntchito mwamphamvu ndi lalikulu, zokolola si mkulu, choncho zimagwiritsa ntchito limodzi, yaing'ono mtanda kupanga.
1) Kukula kwa billet ndi kukula kwapakati kuyenera kugwirizana ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko iliyonse, monga kutalika kwa kutalika kwa chiŵerengero (H / D) cha zinthu zisanayambe kusokoneza ndi 2-2.5, ndi chidziwitso cha kusintha kwa gawo pojambula. kunja.
2) m'pofunika kuyerekeza kusintha akusowekapo kukula munjira zopangira,mwachitsanzo, kutalika kopanda kanthu kumachepetsedwa pokhomerera, nthawi zambiri 1.1 kutalika kwake; Pamene core shaft reaming kutalika kumawonjezeka.
3) indentation ya gawo, iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti gawo lililonse la forging lili ndi voliyumu yokwanira, monga shaft, crankshaft kapena gear boss billet, chitani ntchito yabwino yogawa voliyumu ya gawo lililonse.
4) Pamenekupangandi moto wambiri, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kuthekera kowotcha moto uliwonse pakati. Ngati ndizojambulaamakokedwa motalika kwambiri pachiyambi, kukula kwa ng'anjo sikokwanira kuyika mu forgings yaitali pa Kutentha yachiwiri. Kuti muwonetsetse kukula ndi mtundu wa forgings, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusinthika kwamoto pambuyo pa Z komanso kuwongolera kutentha kwa woyamba komanso womaliza pambuyo pa Z.
5) Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti pali ndalama zokwanira zochepetsera mukamaliza Z, ndipo chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku:
(1) Chifukwa pokankhira phewa, kusamuka, nkhonya ndi zina zotero, pali chodabwitsa chojambula ndi kuchepa pa chopanda kanthu, chomwe chiyenera kusiya chiphaso cha kuvala pakati;
(2) Kumanga motalikazojambula za shaft(monga crankshafts, etc.) ndizojambulandi midadada concave, chifukwa kutalika kukula sangakhumudwe kachiwiri, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kukula kwa kutalika malangizo adzakhala pang'ono anawonjezera mu kuvala ndi kutsogolera kunja kulolerana.

Kupanga.
6) Posankha zida, ana ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida wamba. Pamene gulu lopanga liri lalikulu, zida zapadera kapena nkhungu zamatayala zitha kupangidwa kuti zithandizire kuwongolera komanso kutulutsa kwazopanga.
7) Malingana ndi kukula ndi khalidwe la chopanda kanthu, sankhani zida zomwe zilipo mu msonkhanowu.