1. Mtsinje
Ferrite ndi interstitial olimba njira yopangidwa ndi mpweya kusungunuka mu -Fe. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati kapena F.Imasunga chochulukira chochulukira chamtundu wa alpha -Fe.Ferrite ali ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakina ali pafupi ndi chitsulo choyera, pulasitiki wapamwamba komanso kulimba, komanso mphamvu zochepa komanso kuuma.
2. The austenite
Austenite ndi interstitial solid solution ya carbon kusungunuka mu -Fe, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa ngati kapena A.Imasunga mawonekedwe a nkhope ya cubic lattice a gamma-Fe.Austenite ali ndi mpweya wosungunuka kwambiri kuposa ferrite, ndipo makina ake amadziwika ndi pulasitiki wabwino. , mphamvu yochepa, kuuma kochepa komanso kusinthika kwapulasitiki kosavuta.

3. Simenti
Cementite ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi carbon, chomwe mankhwala ake ndi Fe3C.Ili ndi 6.69% ya carbon ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo. Cementite imathandizira kulimbikitsa zitsulo za carbon. Muzitsulo zachitsulo-carbon alloys, mpweya wa carbon umakhala wokwera kwambiri, umakhala wochuluka wa simenti, umakhala wolimba kwambiri komanso umachepetsa pulasitiki. aloyi.
4. Pearlite
Pearlite ndi makina osakaniza a ferrite ndi simenti, omwe nthawi zambiri amatanthauzidwa ndi P. Pakatikati pa carbon carbon pearlite ndi 0.77%, ndipo makina ake ali pakati pa ferrite ndi simenti, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuuma kwapakati komanso pulasitiki. simenti ikhoza kugawidwa mu mawonekedwe a granular pa matrix a ferrite. Mtundu woterewu umatchedwa spherical pearlite, ndipo magwiridwe ake onse ndiabwinoko.
5. Ledeburite
Leutenite ndi makina osakaniza a austenite ndi simenti, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati Ld. Pafupifupi mpweya wa Leutenite unali 4.3%.Ukazizira mpaka 727 ℃, austenite mu leustenite idzasinthidwa kukhala pearlite. ndi cementite, wotchedwa leutenite pa kutentha otsika, lotchedwa Ld '.The microstructure ya Leutenite imachokera ku simenti, kotero kuti makina ake ndi ovuta komanso osasunthika.