1、 In forging production, external injuries that are prone to occur can be divided into three types according to their causes: mechanical injuries - scratches or bumps directly caused by tools or workpieces; Scald; Electric shock injury.

2、 From the perspective of safety technology and labor protection, the characteristics of the forging workshop are:

1. Forging production is carried out in a hot state of metal (such as forging low carbon steel at a temperature range of 1250-750 ℃), and due to a large amount of manual labor, slight carelessness may result in burns.

2.The heating furnace and hot steel ingots, blanks, and forgings in the forging workshop continuously emit a large amount of radiant heat (forgings still have a relatively high temperature at the end of forging), and workers are often exposed to thermal radiation.

3.The smoke and dust generated during the combustion process of the heating furnace in the forging workshop are discharged into the air of the workshop, which not only affects hygiene, but also reduces visibility in the workshop (especially for heating furnaces that burn solid fuels), and may also cause work-related accidents.

4.The equipment used in forging production, such as air hammers, steam hammers, friction presses, etc., all emit impact force during operation. When the equipment is subjected to such impact loads, it is prone to sudden damage (such as the sudden breakage of the forging hammer piston rod), which can cause serious injury accidents.

5.Press machines (such as hydraulic presses, crank hot forging presses, flat forging machines, precision presses) and shearing machines have relatively low impact during operation, but sudden damage to the equipment can also occur from time to time. Operators are often caught off guard and may also cause work-related accidents.

6.The force exerted by forging equipment during operation is significant, such as crank presses, stretching forging presses, and hydraulic presses. Although their working conditions are relatively stable, the force generated by their working components is significant. For example, China has manufactured and used a 12000 ton forging hydraulic press. It is a common 100-150t press, and the force it emits is already large enough. If there is a slight error in the installation or operation of the mold, most of the force will not be acting on the workpiece, but on the components of the mold, tool, or equipment itself. In this way, some installation and adjustment errors or improper tool operation may cause damage to the components and other serious equipment or personal accidents.

7. Tools and auxiliary tools for forging workers, especially hand forging and free forging tools, clamps, etc., come in various names and are all placed together at the workplace. In work, tool replacement is very frequent and storage is often messy, which inevitably increases the difficulty of inspecting these tools. When a certain tool is needed in forging but cannot be quickly found, sometimes similar tools are used "haphazardly", which often leads to work-related accidents.

8. Due to the noise and vibration generated by the equipment in the forging workshop during operation, the workplace is extremely noisy and unpleasant to the ear, affecting human hearing and nervous system, distracting attention, and thus increasing the possibility of accidents.

3、 Analysis of the causes of work-related accidents in forging workshops

1. Areas and equipment that require protection lack protective and safety devices.

2. The protective devices on the equipment are incomplete or not in use.

3. The production equipment itself has defects or malfunctions.

4. Equipment or tool damage and inappropriate working conditions.

5. There are problems with the forging die and anvil.

6. Chaos in workplace organization and management.

7. Improper process operation methods and auxiliary repair work.

8. Personal protective equipment such as protective goggles is faulty, and work clothes and shoes do not meet the working conditions.

9.When several people are working together on an assignment, they do not coordinate with each other.

10. Lack of technical education and safety knowledge, resulting in the adoption of incorrect steps and methods.