1.The forging process includes cutting the material into the required size, heating, forging, heat treatment, cleaning, and inspection. In small-scale manual forging, all these operations are carried out by several forging workers with hands and hands in a small space. They are all exposed to the same harmful environment and occupational hazards; In large forging workshops, the hazards vary depending on the job position. Although working conditions vary depending on the forging form, they share certain common characteristics: moderate intensity physical labor, dry and hot microclimate environment, noise and vibration generation, and air pollution caused by smoke.

2. Workers are exposed to both high temperature air and thermal radiation, leading to the accumulation of heat in their bodies. The combination of heat and metabolic heat can cause heat dissipation disorders and pathological changes. The sweat output of 8-hour labor will vary depending on the small gas environment, physical exertion, and degree of thermal adaptability, generally ranging from 1.5 to 5 liters, or even higher. In smaller forging workshops or at a distance from heat sources, the Beher's heat stress index is usually between 55 and 95; But in large forging workshops, the working point near the heating furnace or hammer machine may be as high as 150-190. Easy to cause salt deficiency and heat cramps. In the cold season, exposure to changes in the microclimate environment may promote its adaptability to some extent, but rapid and overly frequent changes may pose a health hazard.

Air pollution: The air in the workplace may contain smoke, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or even acrolein, depending on the type and impurities of the heating furnace fuel, as well as combustion efficiency, airflow, and ventilation conditions. Noise and vibration: The forging hammer will inevitably produce low-frequency noise and vibration, but there may also be some high-frequency components, with sound pressure levels between 95 and 115 decibels. Exposure of staff to forging vibrations may cause temperament and functional disorders, which can reduce work capacity and affect safety.