1. DN diameter ingoa:
FlangeKo te diameter ingoa e pa ana ki te diameter ingoa o te ipu, te paipa ranei me te flange. Ko te diameter ingoa o te ipu e pa ana ki te diameter o roto o te ipu (haunga te ipu me te ngongo hei rango), ko te diameter ingoa o te putorino e tohu ana ki tona diameter ingoa, he uara i waenga i te diameter o roto me te diameter o waho o te paipa, ko te nuinga e tata ana ki te diameter o roto o te paipa. Ko te diameter o waho o te paipa maitai he rite tonu te diameter ingoa, he rereke ano te diameter o roto na te mea kei te rereke te matotoru. 14 - tirohia te ripanga 1.

2. Te pehanga ingoa PN:
Ko te pehanga ingoa he koeke o te pehanga kua whakaritea mo te kaupapa ki te whakarite paerewa. 14 - tirohia te ripanga 2.
3. Morahi pehanga mahi e whakaaetia ana:
Ko te pehanga ingoa i roto i te paerewa flange oko pehanga ka whakatauhia i raro i te ahua orauemi flange16Mn (16MnR ranei) me te pāmahana hoahoa 200oC. Ina terauemi flangeme te huringa o te pāmahana, ka piki, ka heke ranei te pehanga mahi e whakaaetia ana o te flange. Hei tauira, ko te nui rawa o te pehanga mahi e whakaaetia ana o te kaiaka-roa te kopa fehokotaki e whakaatuhia ana i te Ripanga 14-3.