⑴ Nkwụsị ihu:
Bụ elu nke ígwè site ngwa ngwa kpo oku na oké egwu okpomọkụ n'elu, ma okpomọkụ enwebeghị oge gbasaa na isi tupu ngwa ngwa jụrụ, nke mere na elu oyi akwa nwere ike menyụọ na martensitic anụ ahụ, na isi adịghị agabigala. mgbanwe nke oge, nke na-achọpụta na elu elu na-agbasi ike na isi agbanweghị. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọkara carbon ígwè.

⑵ Ọgwụ ọkụ kemịkalụ:
Na-ezo aka chemical mmewere atọm, na ike nke atomic mgbasa na elu okpomọkụ, ọ n'ime elu oyi akwa nke workpiece, ịgbanwe chemical mejupụtara na Ọdịdị nke elu oyi akwa nke workpiece, nke mere ka nweta elu oyi akwa nke ígwè. na ihe ụfọdụ chọrọ nke nzukọ na arụmọrụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ. Dị ka ụdị nke infiltration ọcha, kemịkal ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nwere ike kewaa n'ime carburizing, nitriding, cyanidation na metal infiltration iwu.
Carburizing: Carburizing bụ usoro nke carbon atom na-abanye n'elu oyi akwa nke ígwè. Na-emekwa ka obere carbon ígwè workpiece na elu carbon ígwè n'elu oyi akwa, na mgbe ahụ, mgbe quenching na ala okpomọkụ tempering, nke mere na elu oyi akwa nke workpiece nwere elu ekweghị ekwe na-eyi iguzogide, na n'etiti akụkụ nke workpiece ka ịnọgide na-enwe na n'elu oyi akwa nke workpiece. ike na plasticity nke obere carbon ígwè.
Nitriding, ma ọ bụ nitriding, bụ usoro nke elu oyi akwa nke ígwè na-abanye n'ime atom nitrogen. Ebumnuche bụ imeziwanye ike ike na iyi nguzogide nke oyi akwa elu ma melite ike ike ọgwụgwụ na nguzogide corrosion. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji usoro nitriding gas eme ihe.
Cyanidation, nke a makwaara dị ka carbonitriding, bụ ntinye nke carbon na nitrogen atom n'otu oge n'ime ígwè. Ọ na-eme elu nke ígwè carburizing na nitriding àgwà.
Ntinye igwe: na-ezo aka na ntinye nke atom ọla n'ime oyi akwa nchara. Ọ bụ ime ka elu oyi akwa nke ígwè alloying, iji mee ka workpiece elu nwere ụfọdụ alloy ígwè, pụrụ iche ígwè e ji mara, dị ka okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, eyi iguzogide, ọxịdashọn eguzogide, corrosion eguzogide, wdg .. A na-ejikarị na mmepụta nke aluminizing, chromizing, boronizing, silicon na na.