Nha ọka na-ezo aka nha ọka n'ime kristal nha ọka. Enwere ike igosipụta nha ọka site na nkezi mpaghara ma ọ bụ nkezi dayameta nke ọka. A na-egosipụta oke ọka site na ọkwa nha ọka na mmepụta mmepụta ihe. Ogo ọka n'ozuzu ka ibu, ya bụ, nke ka mma. Dị ka isiokwu na-esonụ si kwuo, enwere m olileanya na ọ ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta oke ọka nke forgings. M kwere na ndị maara nke ọma na ọka size nke forgings, mgbe ahụ, anyị ga-amaghị nke ukwuu banyere ọka size nke forgings.
Nrụrụ plastik nke forgings na-agbaji kristal dendritic bụ isi ma nwee mmetụta dị mkpa nke nchacha ọka. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere usoro recrystallization n'oge nrụrụ plastik na oke okpomọkụ. N'oge elu okpomọkụ plastic deformation, ọka size nkeforgingsmgbe recrystallization kpebisiri ike site na okpomọkụ, ogo deformation na ọsọ. Ya mere, ọka size nkeforgingsenwetara site dị iche iche forging usoro dị iche iche.

Ihe ndị bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ nke forgings nwere oke ọka bụ na plasticity na ike ha dị ntakịrị karịa ndị nwere ọka dị mma. Ịchacha ọka site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ abụghị naanị na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma dị oke ọnụ ahịa, kamakwa ọ na-esiri ike ma na-agaghị ekwe omume maka ụfọdụ ígwè alloy. Ya mere, ezi ucheịgha ụghaA ghaghị ịrụpụta usoro nke ụfọdụ akara nchara dịka eserese recrystallization nke na-arụ ọrụ ọkụ.
Ka ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ikpo ọkụ na-adịwanye elu, na-ebuwanye ibu nke ọka nke forgings mgbe emegharịrị. Ya mere, ikpeazụ forging okpomọkụ kwesịrị ibelata ruo dị ka o kwere mee iji hụ na ncha ọka n'okpuru ọnọdụ na forgings agaghị emepụta ala okpomọkụ forging mgbape. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-esi nnọọ ike maka nnukwu forgings iji hụ na otu obere okpomọkụ forging ikpeazụ n'akụkụ niile nke otu forgings. Enwere ike ime nke a naanị site na ahụmịhe na nka nke ndị ọrụ nna ukwu.
N'otu aka ahụịgha ụghaokpomọkụ, enwere oke nrụrụ ogo ogo. Mgbe ogo nrụrụ dị n'ime oke a, ọka emegharịgharịrị nke forgingdị obere keadighi rarii. Ya mere, ogo nke nrụrụ n'oge a na-akpụ akpụ, karịsịa na ọkụ ikpeazụ, kwesịrị ka a zere ya ruo n'ókè o kwere mee n'ime oke nrụrụ.
Ọka bụghị edo na-ezo aka n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke forging ọka bụ karịsịa keadighi rarii, ụfọdụ akụkụ ndị nta. Isi ihe kpatara oke ọka na-ezighi ezi bụ na nrụrụ na-ezighi ezi nke billet na-eme ka ogo nkewa nke ọka dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ ogo nrụrụ mpaghara na-adaba n'akụkụ nrụrụ dị oke egwu, ma ọ bụ ọrụ mpaghara na-agbasi ike nke superalloy, ma ọ bụ mpaghara mpaghara. oke ọka mgbe ị na-emenyụ na kpo oku. Nchara na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na superalloys na-enwe mmetụta nke ọma maka inhomogeneity ọka. Ogo ọka na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ ga-ebelata ịdịte aka na ike ọgwụgwụ nke forgings.
Isiokwu a tumadi na-agwa banyere ọka size nke forgings. Enwere m olileanya na ọ ga-enyere gị aka.