1. The ferrite
Ferrite bụ ngwọta siri ike interstitial nke carbon gbazere na -Fe. A na-egosipụtakarị ya dị ka ma ọ bụ F.Ọ na-edobe usoro nhazi nke cubic lattice nke alpha -Fe.Ferrite nwere obere carbon, yana ihe eji arụ ọrụ ya dị nso na ígwè dị ọcha, nnukwu plasticity na siri ike, na ike dị ala na ike.
2. The austenite
Austenite bụ A interstitial siri ike ngwọta nke carbon etisasịwo na -Fe, a na-egosipụtakarị dị ka ma ọ bụ A.Ọ na-ejigide ihu-gbadoro anya cubic lattice Ọdịdị nke gamma-Fe.Austenite nwere elu carbon solubility karịa ferrite, na n'ibu Njirimara na-ji ezi plasticity. , obere ike, obere ike ike na mfe plastic deformation.

3. cimentite
Cementite bụ ngwakọta nke ígwè na carbon na-emepụta, nke usoro ọgwụ ya bụ Fe3C. Ọ nwere 6.69% carbon ma nwee usoro kristal dị mgbagwoju anya. The cementite nwere nnukwu ike siri ike, plasticity na-adịghị mma, fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu, ma bụrụ akụkụ siri ike na nke na-adịghị ike. Cementite na-arụ ọrụ ike na carbon steel. Na ígwè-carbon alloys, elu nke carbon ọdịnaya, ka cimentite, elu na ike siri ike na ala plasticity nke alloys.
4. Pearlite
Pearlite bụ ngwakọta ígwè ọrụ nke ferrite na cementite, nke a na-egosipụtakarị site na P. Nkezi carbon ọdịnaya nke pearlite bụ 0.77%, na ihe eji arụ ọrụ ya dị n'etiti ferrite na cementite, nke nwere ike dị elu, ike na-agafeghị oke na ụfọdụ plasticity. Site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, na Enwere ike kesaa cimentite n'ụdị granular na matrix ferrite. A na-akpọ ụdị usoro a pearlite sppherical, na arụmọrụ ya zuru oke ka mma.
5. Ledeburite
Leutenite bụ ngwakọta igwe nke austenite na cementite, nke a na-egosipụtakarị dị ka Ld. Nkezi carbon ọdịnaya nke Leutenite bụ 4.3%.Mgbe ọ dị mma na 727 ℃, austenite na leustenite ga-agbanwe n'ime pearlite.Ya mere n'okpuru 727 ℃, leutenite mejupụtara pearlite. na cementite, nke a na-akpọ leutenite na obere okpomọkụ, nke Ld '. Ihe microstructure gosipụtara nke Leutenite dabeere na cimentite, ya mere ihe eji arụ ọrụ ya siri ike ma sie ike.