Casting thiab forging yeej ib txwm ua cov txheej txheem hlau ua. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm casting thiab forging, kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom kawg uas tsim los ntawm ob txoj kev ua.

Lub casting yog ib yam khoom uas tau nrum tag nrho hauv cov pwm, nrog kev sib txawv ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis muaj kev txwv rau kev coj ntawm compression; Thiab forgings raug nias los ntawm cov quab yuam nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, yog li lawv cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv muaj kev taw qhia thiab tsuas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev taw qhia.

Hais txog casting:

1. Casting: Nws yog cov txheej txheem ntawm melting hlau mus rau hauv cov kua uas ua tau raws li tej yam yuav tsum tau thiab pouring nws mus rau hauv pwm, ua raws li los ntawm txias, solidification, thiab ntxuav kev kho mob kom tau txais castings (qhov chaw los yog blanks) nrog predetermined duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab cov khoom. . Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub mechanical manufacturing.

2. Tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw uas tsim los ntawm casting yog qhov tsawg, uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua rau nws txoj kev lag luam rau qhov chaw nrog cov duab nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj cov kab noj hniav nyuaj; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj kev hloov pauv dav dav thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo txhua yam.

3. Casting ntau lawm yuav tsum muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv (xws li hlau, ntoo, roj, molding cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.) thiab cov khoom siv (xws li metallurgical furnaces, xuab zeb mixers, molding machines, cores machinery, xuab zeb dropping machines, txhaj tshuaj blasting tshuab. , cam khwb cia hlau phaj, thiab lwm yam), thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov plua plav, cov pa phem, thiab cov suab nrov uas ua rau ib puag ncig.

Casting yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kub kub ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tau zoo los ntawm tib neeg, nrog keeb kwm txog 6000 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 3200 BC, tooj liab qav castings tshwm nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia.

Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub 13th thiab 10th centuries BC, Tuam Tshoj tau nkag mus rau lub heyday ntawm bronze casting, nrog ib tug txiav txim siab ntawm craftsmanship. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom qub qub suav nrog 875kg Simuwu Fang Ding los ntawm Shang Dynasty, Yizun Pan los ntawm Warring States lub sijhawm, thiab daim iav translucent los ntawm Western Han Dynasty.

Muaj ntau ntau hom subdivisions nyob rau hauv casting technology, uas yuav tsum habitually muab faib rau hauv cov nram qab no pawg raws li txoj kev molding:

①Ordinary xuab zeb casting

Xws li peb hom: ntub xuab zeb pwm, xuab zeb qhuav pwm, thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov xuab zeb pwm;

②Xuab zeb thiab pob zeb tshwj xeeb casting

Tshwj xeeb casting siv tej yam ntuj tso ntxhia xuab zeb thiab gravel raws li lub ntsiab molding khoom (xws li peev casting, av nkos casting, casting rhiav plhaub casting, tsis zoo siab casting, khoom casting, ceramic casting, thiab lwm yam);

③Hlau tshwj xeeb casting

Tshwj xeeb casting siv hlau ua cov khoom tseem ceeb (xws li hlau pwm casting, siab casting, nruam casting, low-pressure casting, centrifugal casting, thiab lwm yam).

Hais txog forging:

1. Forging: Ib txoj hauv kev uas siv cov tshuab forging los siv lub siab rau cov hlau billets, ua rau lawv mus rau cov yas deformation kom tau txais forgings nrog qee yam khoom siv, cov duab, thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

2. Forging tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov porosity casting thiab vuam qhov ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov khoom ntawm forgings feem ntau zoo dua li cov khoom siv tib yam. Rau cov khoom tseem ceeb uas muaj kev thauj khoom siab thiab kev ua haujlwm hnyav hauv cov tshuab, forgings feem ntau yog siv, tshwj tsis yog rau cov ntawv yooj yim, cov ntaub ntawv, lossis cov welded qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem dov.

3. Forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua:

①Qhib forging (free forging)

Xws li peb hom: ntub xuab zeb pwm, xuab zeb qhuav pwm, thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov xuab zeb pwm;

②Kaw hom forging

Tshwj xeeb casting siv tej yam ntuj tso ntxhia xuab zeb thiab gravel raws li lub ntsiab molding khoom (xws li peev casting, av nkos casting, casting rhiav plhaub casting, tsis zoo siab casting, khoom casting, ceramic casting, thiab lwm yam);

③Lwm cov txheej txheem kev faib casting

Raws li qhov kub deformation, forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua kub forging (kev ua haujlwm kub siab dua li qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob), sov forging (hauv qab qhov kub ntawm recrystallization), thiab txias forging (ntawm chav tsev kub).

4. Cov ntaub ntawv forging feem ntau yog carbon steel thiab alloy steel nrog ntau yam sib xyaw, ua raws li txhuas, magnesium, titanium, tooj liab thiab lawv cov alloys. Thawj lub xeev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li tuav, ingots, hlau hmoov, thiab kua hlau.

Qhov sib piv ntawm qhov chaw hla ntawm cov hlau ua ntej deformation mus rau qhov chaw tuag hla ntu tom qab deformation yog hu ua forging ratio. Kev xaiv kom raug ntawm forging piv yog ze ze rau kev txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab txo cov nqi.

Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm Casting thiab Forging:

Kov - Qhov saum npoo ntawm qhov casting yuav tsum tuab dua, thaum lub npoo ntawm forging yuav tsum ci dua

Saib - cam khwb cia hlau seem tshwm grey thiab tsaus, thaum lub forged steel seem zoo li nyiaj thiab ci

Mloog - Mloog lub suab, lub forging yog ntom, lub suab yog nkig tom qab tawm tsam, thiab lub suab casting yog npub

Sib tsoo - Siv lub tshuab sib tsoo los txhuam thiab saib seb cov nplaim taws ntawm ob qhov sib txawv (feem ntau forgings ci dua), thiab lwm yam