1. Beryllium oxide:beryllium oxide tsis tsuas yog poob ntau ntawm cov hlau, tab sis kuj txo qhov zoo ntawm cov forgings thiab lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov hlau.forging tuag. Yog nias rau hauv cov hlau, lubforgingsyuav muab pov tseg. Kev tsis ua kom tshem tawm beryllium oxide yuav cuam tshuam rau txoj kev tig.
2. Decarburization:Decarburization yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim uas tag nrho lossis ib feem ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntawm cov hlau raug hlawv. Decarburization ua rau saum npoo ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo li mos, txo qhov tawv tawv, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog.
3. Overheat thiab overburning:Overheat yog hais txog cov hlau nyob rau hauv cov cua kub tshaj qhov tso cai kub, thiaj li hais tias cov nplej loj hlob ntawm ntxhib. Overheat tsis zoo rau kev kho cua sov, kom cov forgings ua nkig thiab txhua yam khoom raug txo, tab sis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm normalizing lossis annealing tom qab.forging. Overburning yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm oxides los yog ib nrab melting ntawm cov hlau vim lub sij hawm cua sov yog ntev dhau lawm thiab kub siab dhau heev lawm. Kev kub taub hau kho tsis tau.

4. Kev nyuaj siab:vim qhov sib txawv ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov hlau, qhov nthuav dav tsis sib xws, thiab cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog tsim, uas yog hu ua thermal stress. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv metallographic tshwm sim los ntawm cua sov kuj ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, uas yog hu ua microstructure stress. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub workpiece nyob rau hauv lub cua sov tawg, ua rau lub workpiece tom qab lub tsheb ua tawg thiab seem.
5. Kev tawg hauv ntu ntu:Qhov tsis xws luag no rhuav tshem cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab microstructure uniformity ntawm cov hlau, txo cov quenching hardness thiab deteriorates txhua yam khoom. Yog hais tias lub annealing kub siab dhau heev lawm thiab ua rau graphite seem, nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau txiav thiab quenching overheating thiab deformation. Tab sis yog hais tias lub annealing nyob rau hauv tshav kub los yog tsawg kub, pearlite tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav globalization, tsis yog qhov zoo rau kev txiav thiab kev kho cua sov tom qab.
6. nyuaj thiab nkig mesh carbide: nws tsis muaj zog lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov cuam tshuam toughness yog txo, tab sis tuaj yeem txhim kho lossis tshem tawm los ntawm normalizing. Yog hais tias muaj banded carbide, nws yuav ua rau lub hardness thiab qauv ntawm quenching thiab tempering tsis sib xws, thiab yooj yim rau deformation, uas kuj yog ib tug tsis xws luag ntawm banded qauv ntawm pearlite thiab ferrite raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev deformation. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yuav txo cov plasticity thiab toughness ntawm cov hlau, kom lub machining loj tsis ruaj khov, ceev cov cuab yeej hnav.