Forgingyog lub forging ntawm steel ingot rau hauv billet nrog rauj los yog lub tshuab siab; Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov hlau yuav muab faib ua carbon steel thiab alloy steel.

(1) Ntxiv rau cov hlau thiab carbon, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li manganese silico, sulfur thiab phosphorus, ntawm cov sulfur thiab phosphorus yog qhov tsis zoo. Manganese silico yog cov khoom deoxidized ntxiv rau carbon steel hauv txheej txheem ntawm steelmaking. Raws li cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm carbon steel, nws feem ntau muab faib ua peb hom hauv qab no:
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg: Cov ntsiab lus carbon yog 0.04% -0.25%;
Cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab: 0.25% -0.55% carbon cov ntsiab lus;
High carbon steel: cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua 0.55%
(2) hlau alloy yog ntxiv ib los yog ob peb ntawm alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv carbon steel thiab tempered steel xws li hlau muaj ob yam li silicon manganese alloy cov ntsiab lus los yog cov khoom, kuj muaj lwm yam alloying ntsiab, xws li nickel chromium molybdenum vanadium titanium tungsten cobalt aluminium zirconium niobium thiab tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov calcium alloy steel muaj boron thiab nitrogen thiab lwm yam Nonmetal ntsiab lus raws li tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloy caij hauv steel, muab faib ua peb pawg hauv qab no:

Tsawg alloy hlau: tag nrho cov ntsiab lus alloying yog tsawg dua 3.5%;
Nruab nrab alloy hlau: tag nrho cov ntsiab lus alloying yog 3.5-10%;
High alloy steel: tag nrho cov ntsiab lus alloying yog ntau tshaj 10%
Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv muaj nyob hauv cov hlau alloy, kuj tuaj yeem muab faib ua binary ternary thiab ntau lub ntsiab alloy hlau ntxiv, raws li cov hom hlau alloy muaj nyob hauv cov hlau, tuaj yeem muab faib ua manganese steel, chromium hlau, boron steel, silicon steel, manganese steel, chromium manganese hlau, molybdenum steel, chromium molybdenum, tungsten vanadium hlau thiab lwm yam