Ke kuhi hewa
ʻO ke kumu o ka hana ʻana, ʻo ia ke kaomi ʻana i nā hemahema porosity intrinsic o ka ingot kila e hoʻopaʻa i ka hale a loaʻa kahi laina kahe metala maikaʻi. ʻO ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ia ka mea kokoke loa i ke ʻano o ka mea hana. ʻO nā hemahema i hana ʻia i ka wā forging ka nui o nā māwae, nā hemahema forging i loko, nā unahi oxide a me nā pelu, nā ana kūpono ʻole, etc.
ʻO nā kumu nui o nā māwae ʻo ka overheating o ka ingot kila i ka wā hoʻomehana, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa puʻe nui. Ke haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana forging, ʻaʻole i maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mawae i ka manawa a ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha ʻia i ka wā e hana ana i nā māwae Tensile, etc. e hoʻonui i nā māwae. ʻO nā hemahema o loko ka mea nui ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ke kaomi o ka paʻi a i ʻole ka nui o ke kaomi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻouna piha ʻia ke kaomi i ke kumu o ka ingot kila, ʻaʻole paʻa piha ʻia nā lua shrinkage i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka ingot, a ʻo ka dendritic grains. ʻaʻole nahā loa ʻO Shrinkage a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka unahi a me ka pelu ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka unahi i hana ʻia i ka wā forging i ka manawa a kaomi ʻia i ka forging i ka wā forging, a i ʻole ma muli o ke kaʻina hana forging kūpono ʻole. Eia kekahi, hiki mai paha kēia mau hemahema ke ʻino ka ʻili o ka blank, a i ʻole ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a ʻaʻole kūpono ka anvil a me ka nui o ka hoʻēmi ʻana i hoʻohana ʻia, akā no ka mea he kīnā ʻili, hiki ke wehe ʻia. ma nā ʻano mechanical. Eia kekahi, inā ʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hana forging, hiki iā ia ke hana i ka axis o ka mea hana e hoʻoneʻe ʻia a kuhi ʻole paha. Kapa ʻia kēia he eccentricity a me ke kulou ʻana i ka hana forging, akā ʻo kēia mau hemahema he mau hemahema hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ke hoʻomau ʻia ka forging.

ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā hemahema i hana ʻia e ka forging ka mea nui:

(1) Hoʻoponopono kūpono i ka wela wela e pale i ka wela a me ka wela haʻahaʻa;

(2) Ke hoʻoikaika nei i ke kaʻina hana forging, nui nā keʻena e hoʻopaʻa inoa i ke kaʻina hana forging a hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina hana forging;

(3) E hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina hana o ka forging, hoʻokō pono i ke kaʻina hana, a mai hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana forging ma ka makemake e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hana forging.