ʻO nā mea e kala nui ana i nā mea kūʻai nui o ka carbon a me nā kila hoʻohui me nāʻano likeʻole, i ukaliʻia e ka magsious, titoleum a me ko lākou mau momi. ʻO nā wahi kumu o nā mea waiwai e pili ana i ka pahu, ingot, metal ʻO ka māhele o ke kaona o ke kau ma ka helu o keʻano ma mua o ka deformation ma keʻano o ka helu helu ma hope o ka neʻeʻana o ka deformation ʻO ke koho kūpono e hoʻopono ana i ka hoʻohemoʻana, kūpono i ka wela a me ka paʻaʻana, kūpono ka hopena o ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka mana no ka holomuaʻana i ka mana no ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i nā kumukūʻai.

ʻO ka maʻamau,ʻo ka neʻeʻana a iʻole nā'āpana pahu pahu paha e hoʻohanaʻia e like me nā papa liʻiliʻi no nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā kala kalaʻole. ʻO keʻano grain a me nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea waiwai o ka pahu o ka pahu a me ka maikaʻi, me ka maikaʻi a me ka nui, maikaʻi maikaʻi, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻonohonoho no ka hana nui. I ka wā lōʻihi e like me keʻano o keʻano o keʻano a me nā kūlana deformation e mālama ponoʻia, hiki ke mālamaʻia nā kalaiwa kiʻekiʻe Hoʻohana waleʻia nā ingots no nā kala nui. ʻO Igoot kahi hale kūʻai hale kūʻai me nā climsniar nui a me nā mea kūʻai aku. No laila, pono ia e kau i nā crysals colnuns i loko o nā pukupaʻa maikaʻi ma o ka hōʻoiaʻoka nui, a me ke kūleʻa iā lākou e loaʻa i nāʻanoʻiliʻili kīwī nui a me nāʻanoʻano ponoʻole.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana o Poowder i hoʻokumuʻia ma ka paʻiʻana a me ke kīʻana i ke kalaʻana i nā kalaʻana i nā kala kalaʻole e kalaʻoleʻia ma ke kūlana wela. ʻO ka haunaele o ke kalaʻana e pili ana i ka pauna e pili ana i nā hopohopo make, me nā mea maʻamau a me ka kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma hope. ʻO keʻano o loko o ka hanaʻana o nā kala kalaʻana he lole me kaʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana, a hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e hana i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi a me nā hana hana'ē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe,ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pauka o ka paulina ma mua o nā mea nui,ʻo ia ka palena o nā papa hana nui i kāna noi. Ma ka noiʻana i ka kaomi static i ka wai wai wai i nininiʻia i loko o ka'ōpū, ke loli, a he kumu ko lākouʻano i makemakeʻia a me nā mea hoʻololi i makemakeʻia. ʻO ka wai wai wai e ho'ōlaʻia heʻano hana ma waena o ka makeʻana, e hana ana i nā'āpana paʻakikī e like me ka mea paʻakikī e hana ai i nāʻano likeʻole e hana ai i nā'āpana

Ma kahi o nā mea maʻamau e like me keʻano carbon a me nā koho balota maʻamau me nāʻano'ē aʻe me nāʻano'ē aʻe, magluuum, magouum, a me ko lākou makemake. ʻO nā'olpī keʻaehu nui he una, nickel e pili ana i ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hui kuʻina nui e like me nā alloys ma mua o ka mana deformition. Eia nō naʻe, ua nui nā alloys i nā'āpana kalaka i nā'āpana polū, ke kalaʻana i ka paʻakikī. Nā koina likeʻole nā ​​mea like no ka wela o ka wela, ke kalaʻana i ka mahana, a me ke kalaʻana i keʻano o ka wela.