(1)ʻO nā lehelehe kila kilaloaʻa ka ʻikepili haʻahaʻa paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī, e like me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa a me ke alumini alumini. He haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi. He paʻakikī ke ʻoki ʻoki a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana i nā ʻāpana i ka wā e ʻoki ai, e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili. No laila, hoʻohana maʻamau ka ʻikepili ʻikepili flange stainless steel i ka Angle nui, ʻoki wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole Angle rake nui, ʻoki wikiwiki haʻahaʻa a ʻoki ʻoki wai. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ʻāwī kīwī ma luna o ka mea hana a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana o ka ʻoki ʻoki a me ka ʻili. Eia kekahi, ua ho'ōkiʻia nā hao kalapona haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i nā huapalaoa e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia, a ua hoʻohanaʻia nā alumini alumini e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o ka mea a hoʻonui i ka machinability o ka mea ma o ke anuanu deformation.

(2) kiʻekiʻe ikaika kila a me ka ilihune toughness oili kila kuhiliʻolenā mea, e like me ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, ke kila mea hana kalapona a me ka hao, me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea. Loaʻa iā lākou nā pūʻali ʻoki nui, ka hoʻohana mana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea ʻokiʻoki hiki ke komo. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano ʻikepili me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā carbide YG, YT a me YW me ke kūpaʻa lole kiʻekiʻe, ka rake liʻiliʻi a me nā kihi deflection nui, a me ka wikiwiki o ka ʻoki ʻana. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hao hina hina me ka "keʻokeʻo" ke hoʻopau i ka annealing i ke kiʻekiʻe wela. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hao malleable paʻakikī, ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila mea hana kalapona hiki ke hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka machinability.