ʻO ka nānāʻana o ka nānāʻana i ka nānāʻana i ka nānāʻana i kahi nānāʻoleʻole, maʻamau me ka nānāʻana a iʻole ka nānāʻana i ke aniani o ke aniani, inā pono, hoʻohana pū kekahi
ʻO nāʻano hana nānā o keʻano o loko oNA KEEKAI LOAhiki ke hōʻuluʻuluʻia e like me:ʻo ka hanaʻoihana macroscopic
ʻO ka hōʻike microsculat microssculat heʻano ho'āʻo e nānā a nānā i nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa oKākaue kaʻike a iʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā hana maʻamau maʻamau no ka nānāʻana o ka macroscopicUa kalaʻiaʻO keʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (me keʻano o keʻano o ka corrosion, ke anuanu a me keʻano kūpono corrosion a me keʻano hoʻohālikelike.

ʻO ke kānāwaiʻo Microstructure e hoʻohana ai i ka microscope kukui e nānā i ka micsstructure oUa kalaʻiao nā mea likeʻole. ʻO nā mea nānā i ka nui o ka nānāʻana i ka nui intrinsic grain, a iʻole ka nui o ka nui o ka mahana, e like me ka microstructure a me nā microstructure a me nā microstrut
ʻO nā mea like mechanical a me ke kaʻina hana e hana ai ka hanaʻana i ka hana i ka hopena wela o kaUa kalaʻiaA me nā'āpana ho'āʻo i hoʻopaʻaʻia i loko o kahi hoʻohālike i hōʻikeʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka mīkini hōʻike o Tensile, hopena hana me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i nā mīkini hana me nā'ōnaehana hoʻokolohua.
ʻO keʻano hoʻohālikelike hoʻokolohua maʻamauʻo keʻano o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka loiloi clipcical a iʻole ka nānāʻana o kaʻikepili a me ka hoʻokolohuaʻo keʻano ma keʻano he loiloi o kona loiloiʻana. No ka loiloi Spectral,ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana wale i keʻano Spectral a me ka nānāʻana i ka pololei o Platelectric, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi nuiʻia ka pukaʻana o Plama Hdelectric ʻO ka pololei, hiki i kona pololei ke kūpono i ka pae 10-6, he kūpono kēiaʻano hana no ka pb
Wahi a luna, keʻano o ka ho'āʻoʻana, ma Macroscopic Actitution, a me nāʻano hana a me ka hanaʻana o nā mea hana hōʻeha o ka hopena hāʻawi,ʻo ia nō no ka mea,ʻaʻole iaʻo ka waiwai waiwai, ma ka lima'ē aʻe e pale aku ai i keʻano o ka hana hōʻeha. ʻO ka hoʻomohalaʻana o kaʻenehana NDT e hāʻawi hou aku i nā mea hou aku a me nāʻano kūponoKākaunānā maikaʻi.
ʻO nā hana hoʻokolohua nondestructive no ke kalaʻana i ka nānāʻana i ka nānāʻana:ʻO ka hana nānāʻana o ka papa kuhikuhi

Ua hoʻohana nuiʻia keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano nānāʻana i keʻano o ka nānāʻana i kaʻaoʻao a kokoke i nā wahi ākea o Ferromagnetic a AlloyUa kalaʻia, e like me nā cracks, nā'ōpala, nā wahi keʻokeʻo, nā mea keʻokeʻo, nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia, nā mea hana a ferritica, nā carbide wale nō ke kūponoUa kalaʻia, akā,ʻaʻole no ke kalaʻana i nā kila austeticic.
ʻAʻole hiki ke nānā i keʻano o ka hōʻikeʻana i ka hana i nā mea aloha i nā leʻaleʻa mano, akā e nānā pū i nā hemahema o ka lehulehuUa kalaʻia, e like me nā cracks, wehe, e wehe ana, etc. ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana wale ia e nānā i nā mea huna o nā paleʻole ma lalo o kaʻili. Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Eddy i kahi hana e nānā ai i ka nānāʻana a iʻole nā ​​wahi ākea o nā mea hana o ke alakaʻi.
Hoʻohanaʻia keʻano loiloi Ultrasoic