Hoʻopaʻama mua o ka hana ʻana i ka hana, pono e hele i kahi kaʻina hana, pono e hoʻāʻo i ka maikaʻi o kāna mau mea maka, e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pilikia maikaʻi ma mua o ke kaʻina hana aʻe, i kēia manawa e nānā mākou i nā koi i loaʻa iā ia.
一. Nā koi nui noke kalaiwa anamea maka.
1. Hoʻohui kemika i nā koi.
2. Hoohehee, hoolei, olokaa,ke kalaiwa ana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā hana hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō i nā koi.
3. Hoʻokō ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili i nā koi, ʻaʻohe ʻōpala, unahi, ʻōpala, nā māwae a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe (a i ʻole ke degere o nā hemahema i loko o ka palena i ʻae ʻia), pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hemahema, i kekahi manawa pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa i ka ʻili.
4. Hoʻokō ka moku'āina o ka hui i nā koi, ʻaʻohe hui like ʻole, overheating hui, ʻaʻohe slag, loose, pores, nā kiko keʻokeʻo a me nā hemahema o loko.
二. Ka nana ana oke kalaiwa anamea maka Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hale hana, pono e nānā pono ka mea hana i kake kalaiwa ananā lako maka a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā huahana kūpono, akā ʻo ka hale hana forging e like me ka mea hoʻohana e hana pū i ka nānā pono. Hiki ke nānā ʻia nā forgings e ka loiloi ākea a i ʻole ka nānā wahi. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia nā mea nānā e like me ke ʻano o nā mea maka a me nā koi forging.

1. Laʻana no ka haku mele ʻana. E hoʻohana i ka ʻike maka, ka induction magnetic a me ka nānā ʻana i nā spectral e nānā inā hui ʻia nā mea.
2. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻoholo ai inā he mau hemahema ka ʻili a me ke ʻano o nā hemahema, a inā he ʻano decarbonization.
3. E nānā inā kūpono ka mea i nā koi o ka nui a me ke ʻano hoʻomanawanui.
4. E nānā i ka lua shrinkage a me kahi keʻokeʻo i loko o ka mea ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka haki; Ua nānā ʻia ka haʻihaʻi wela o ka mea ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka haʻihaʻi wela.
5. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka macro a me ka micro inclusion; Ua nānā ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka sulfur i ke kila e ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka sulfur imprint a ua hoʻoholo ʻia kona wahi kaʻawale.
6. E nānā i ka nui o ka palaoa ma ka microscope; E nānā i ka hoʻolālā metallographic.
7. Non-destructive inspection: ultrasonic inspection, magnetic inspection or eddy current inspection.
8. E nānā i ka hana hoʻonāukiuki o ka mea ma o ka ho'āʻo hoʻonāukiuki; E ho'āʻo i nā waiwai mechanical e ka ho'āʻo tensile, ka ho'āʻo paʻakikī, ka ho'āʻo hopena, a pēlā aku.
9. Ho'āʻo paʻakikī: i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā mea maka o ka helu umu ahi, e hana mua i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā forgings a hana i ka mālama wela, a laila e nānā i ka ʻōnaehana mālama wela o ka mea helu umu. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ma ka hōʻoia wale ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā mea maka hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokō palekana i ka hana forging a me ka hana ʻana, he mea nui ke koho ʻana i nā mea maka.