1、 I ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻeha o waho e hiki mai ana i ʻekolu mau ʻano e like me ko lākou kumu: nā ʻeha mechanical - nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​​​puʻi i hana ʻia e nā mea hana a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana; ʻāpala; ʻeha ʻeha uila.

2、 Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻenehana palekana a me ka pale hana, ʻo nā ʻano o ka hale hana forging:

1. Hoʻokō ʻia ka hana forging ma kahi kūlana wela o ka metala (e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa ma kahi mahana wela o 1250-750 ℃), a ma muli o ka nui o ka hana lima, hiki i ka mālama pono ʻole ke hopena i ke ahi.

2. ʻO ka umu wela a me nā mea kila wela, nā blanks, a me nā forgings i loko o ka hale hana forging emit mau ana i ka nui o ka wela wela (ʻo ka forgings he mau kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka hopena o ka forging), a ʻike pinepine ʻia nā limahana i ka radiation thermal.

3. ʻO ka uahi a me ka lepo i hanaʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻouluʻana o ka umu wela ma ka hale hana hoʻolālā e hoʻokuʻuʻia i ka lewa o ka hale hana,ʻaʻole e pili wale i ka maʻemaʻe, akā, e ho'ēmi ana i kaʻike i loko o ka hale hana (ʻo ia hoʻi no ka hoʻomehanaʻana i nā kapuahi paʻa. ), a hiki ke kumu i nā pōʻino pili i ka hana.

4. ʻO nā mea hana i hoʻohanaʻia i ka hanaʻana i ka hana, e like me nā hāmare ea, nā hāmare mahu, nā kaomi friction, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ke hoʻokau ʻia nā mea hana i kēlā mau haʻalulu hopena, hiki iā ia ke pōʻino koke (e like me ka haki koke ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo piston forging hammer), hiki ke hōʻeha i nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi.

5.Press machines (e like me hydraulic presses, crank hot forging presses, flat forging machines, precision presses) a me ka shearing machines he haʻahaʻa ka hopena i ka wā o ka hanaʻana, akā hiki i ka pōʻino hikiwawe i nā mea hana ke hiki mai i kēlā me kēia manawa. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā mea hana a hiki ke hoʻokau i nā pōʻino pili i ka hana.

6. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ikaika i hana ʻia e ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana i ka wā o ka hana, e like me nā kaomi crank, nā kīwī hoʻopololei, a me nā kaomi hydraulic. ʻOiai paʻa ko lākou kūlana hana, he mea nui ka ikaika i hana ʻia e kā lākou mau mea hana. No ka laʻana, ua hana ʻo Kina a hoʻohana i kahi 12000 tons forging hydraulic press. He paʻi maʻamau 100-150t, a ua lawa ka ikaika e hoʻopuka ai. Inā he hapa iki i ka hoʻokomo ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana o ka mold, ʻaʻole e hana ka hapa nui o ka ikaika ma ka mea hana, akā ma nā ʻāpana o ka mold, mea hana, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana ponoʻī. Ma kēia ala, hiki i kekahi mau hoʻonohonoho a me ka hoʻoponopono hewa ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana pono ʻole ke hōʻino i nā ʻāpana a me nā mea hana koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā ​​ulia pilikino.

7. ʻO nā mea hana a me nā mea kōkua no ka hana ʻana i nā limahana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana lima a me nā mea hana forging manuahi, nā paʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka hana, he pinepine ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hana a he ʻino pinepine ka mālama ʻana, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻakikī o ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau mea hana. Ke makemake ʻia kekahi mea hana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana akā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa koke ʻia, i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana like me "haphazardly", e alakaʻi pinepine ai i nā pōʻino pili i ka hana.

8. Ma muli o ka walaʻau a me ka haʻalulu i hana ʻia e nā mea hana i loko o ka hale hana forging i ka wā o ka hana, ʻoi loa ka walaʻau a me ka leʻaleʻa o ka hale hana i ka pepeiao, e pili ana i ka lohe kanaka a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve, hoʻohuli i ka nānā ʻana, a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki o nā ulia.

3、 Ka ʻike ʻana i nā kumu o nā ulia e pili ana i ka hana ma ka hana ʻana i nā hale hana

1. ʻO nā wahi a me nā mea pono e pono ai ka palekana ʻaʻohe mea pale a palekana.

2. ʻAʻole paʻa a ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā mea pale ma nā mea hana.

3. Loaʻa i nā lako hana pono nā hemahema a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana hewa.

4. Nā lako a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana pōʻino a me nā kūlana hana kūpono ʻole.

5. Aia nā pilikia me ka make a me ka anvil.

6. Chaos i ka hui a me ka hooponopono wahi hana.

7. ʻO nā kaʻina hana kūpono ʻole a me nā hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

8. He hewa nā mea pale pilikino e like me nā maka aniani, a ʻaʻole kūpono nā lole hana a me nā kāmaʻa i nā kūlana hana.

9. Ke hana pū kekahi poʻe ma kahi haʻawina, ʻaʻole lākou e hui pū kekahi me kekahi.

10. Ka nele i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻenehana a me ka ʻike palekana, ka hopena i ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu a me nā ʻano hana hewa.