HoʻopaʻaMa hope o ke kinai ʻana, ʻaʻole paʻa ka martensite a me ka austenite i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano hoʻololi ʻokoʻa o ka hui i ke kūpaʻa, e like me ke kalapona supersaturated i martensite e hoʻoheheʻe i ke koena austenite decomposition i mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka neʻe ʻana, e like me ka tempering tempering he hui non-equilibrium. no ke kaulike ʻana i nā kaʻina hana o ka hui, pili kēia kaʻina hana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka atomic a me ka laha ʻana o kēia ʻae ʻana me kāu hoʻopau ʻana i ka wela o ke ahi. ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka diffusion velocity; ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana wela, e hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano hoʻopau ʻana o nā forgings. E like me ke kūlana o ka hoʻololi microstructure, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka tempering i ʻehā mau ʻanuʻu: martensite decomposition, koena austenite decomposition, carbide accumulation ulu a me ferrite recrystallization.
ʻO ka pae mua (200)
(1) ke kalaiwa anaka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka martensite decompose ma lalo o 80 wela wela, hoʻopau i ke kila me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hui Ming S, ke ʻano o ke kalapona i ka martensite ʻāpana wale nō, a ʻaʻohe hoʻomaka e wāwahi i ka 80-200 tempering, hoʻomaka ka martensite e decompose, e hoʻoheheʻe i nā carbide maalea loa, e hoʻemi i ka ʻO ka hapa nui o ka martensite i nā kalapona kalapona i kēia pae, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, martensitic. ʻO ka ua he hapa wale nō o nā ʻātoma kalapona supersaturated, no laila, ʻo ia nō ke kalapona i loko o kahi - Fe supersaturated paʻa paʻa. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka saturation Martensite haʻahaʻa a me ka carbide maikaʻi loa i kapa ʻia ʻo Tempered Martensite.

(2)ke kalaiwa anaka hana ʻana i ka lua o ka pae (200-300), ke koena austenite decomposition i ka wā i piʻi ai ka mahana i 200-300, hoʻomau ka decomposition o martensite, akā ʻo ka hoʻololi koʻikoʻi ʻo ke koena austenite decomposition o ke koena austenite decomposition ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kalapona kalapona. e hana i kahi ʻāpana, a laila decomposed i alpha phase a me ka hui ʻana o ka hui carbide, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka paʻakikī kila bainite ʻaʻole. maopopo ka emi ʻana ma kēia pae
(3)ʻO ke kolu o ka ʻanuʻu (250-400) ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carbide o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i loko o kēia pae wela. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka carbon atom diffusion, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou i ka hao hao, martensite decompose i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā carbide precipitation a me ke koena austenite decomposition e lilo i cementite paʻa me ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā carbide, ka emi ʻana. o ka martensite i loko o ka hakina kalapona, nalo ka distortion lattice martensite, hoʻololi martensitic no ka ferrite, loaʻa ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ferritic matrix i loko o ka cementite liʻiliʻi a i ʻole lamellar cementite o ka hui, ʻo ka hui i kapa ʻia ʻo tempering i hoʻopau maoli i kēia māhele austenite quenching stress, paʻakikī, paʻakikī paʻakikī.

(4)ʻO ka ʻehā o ka pae o ka forging tempering (& GT; 400) i ulu i ka carbide i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a me ka recrystallization o ka ferrite ma muli o ka wela wela he kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ke kalapona a me ka hao ka mana ikaika o ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻo ke kolu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka cementite flakes e hoʻomau i ka spheroidizing a ulu. ʻoi aku ma mua o 500-600, hiki mai ka alpha recrystallization, nalowale ka morphology ferrite o ke kumu. paʻa pāpaʻi a pepa, a hana i ka puʻupuʻu palaoa polygon ma ka hui ma ke ʻano he ferritic matrix granular carbide, ʻo ka hui i kapa ʻia ʻo tempering sorbite tempered sorbite me nā waiwai mechanical piha maikaʻi o ka pae a me ka distortion lattice e hoʻopau i ke kaumaha kūloko.

（mai 168 ka upena kalai）