Yin simintin gyare-gyare da ƙirƙira sun kasance dabarun sarrafa ƙarfe na gama gari. Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke cikin tsarin simintin gyare-gyare da ƙirƙira, akwai kuma bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin samfuran ƙarshe waɗanda waɗannan hanyoyin sarrafa guda biyu ke samarwa.

Simintin gyare-gyare abu ne da aka jefa gaba ɗaya a cikin tsari, tare da rarraba damuwa iri ɗaya kuma babu hani akan alkiblar matsawa; Kuma dakaru suna danna maƙarƙashiya a hanya ɗaya, don haka damuwa na cikin gida yana da alkibla kuma yana iya jurewa kawai matsin lamba.

Game da simintin gyare-gyare:

1. Yin Casting: Shi ne tsarin narkewar ƙarfe a cikin ruwa wanda ya cika wasu buƙatu kuma a zubar da shi a cikin wani tsari, sannan kuma sanyaya, ƙarfafawa, da tsaftacewa don samun simintin gyare-gyare (bangaro ko ɓoyayyen) tare da ƙayyadaddun siffofi, girma, da kaddarorin. . Tsarin asali na masana'antun masana'antu na zamani.

2. Farashin albarkatun da aka samar ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare yana da ƙasa, wanda zai iya nuna mafi kyawun tattalin arzikinsa don sassan da ke da siffofi masu mahimmanci, musamman ma wadanda ke da ƙananan cavities na ciki; A lokaci guda, yana da saurin daidaitawa da ingantaccen aikin injina.

3. Samar da simintin gyare-gyare na buƙatar kayan aiki mai yawa (kamar ƙarfe, itace, man fetur, kayan gyare-gyare, da dai sauransu) da kayan aiki (kamar tanderu na ƙarfe, mahaɗar yashi, injin ɗin gyare-gyaren, injunan ƙira, injunan zubar da yashi, injin fashewar fashewar yashi. , faranti na ƙarfe, da sauransu), kuma yana iya haifar da ƙura, iskar gas mai cutarwa, da hayaniya da ke gurɓata muhalli.

Yin simintin gyare-gyare yana ɗaya daga cikin farkon matakan aikin zafi na ƙarfe wanda mutane suka ƙware, tare da tarihin kusan shekaru 6000. A cikin 3200 BC, simintin kwadin jan karfe ya bayyana a Mesopotamiya.

Tsakanin karni na 13 zuwa na 10 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, kasar Sin ta shiga zamanin da ake yin wasan tagulla, tare da babban matakin fasaha. Abubuwan wakilci na tsohuwar simintin gyare-gyare sun haɗa da Simuwu Fang Ding mai nauyin kilogiram 875 daga Daular Shang, da Yizun Pan daga zamanin Jahohin Warring, da madubi mai haske daga Daular Han ta Yamma.

Akwai nau'ikan rarrabuwa da yawa a cikin fasahar simintin gyare-gyare, waɗanda za'a iya raba su bisa ga al'ada zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa bisa ga hanyar gyare-gyare:

①Yashi na yau da kullun

Ciki har da nau'ikan guda uku: rigar yashi mai yashi, busasshiyar yashi, da ƙera yashi mai tauri;

②Yashi da jifa na musamman

Simintin gyare-gyare na musamman ta amfani da yashi na ma'adinai na halitta da tsakuwa azaman babban kayan gyare-gyare (kamar simintin saka hannun jari, simintin laka, simintin harsashi na bita, simintin matsi mara kyau, ƙaƙƙarfan simintin, simintin yumbu, da sauransu);

③Ƙarfe na musamman

Yin simintin gyare-gyare na musamman ta amfani da ƙarfe azaman babban kayan simintin (kamar simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe, simintin matsi, ci gaba da yin simintin, simintin ƙaranci, simintin centrifugal, da sauransu).

Game da ƙirƙira:

1. Forging: Hanyar sarrafawa da ke amfani da injunan ƙirƙira don sanya matsi a kan bututun ƙarfe, yana haifar da lalatawar filastik don samun ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya, siffofi, da girma.

2. Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira na iya kawar da porosity na simintin gyare-gyare da ramukan walda na karafa, kuma kayan aikin injiniya na ƙirƙira sun fi kyau fiye da simintin gyare-gyare na abu ɗaya. Don mahimman sassa tare da manyan lodi da yanayin aiki mai tsanani a cikin injina, ana amfani da ƙirƙira sau da yawa, sai dai faranti masu sauƙi, bayanan martaba, ko sassa na walda waɗanda za a iya mirgina.

3. Ana iya raba ƙirƙira zuwa:

①Buɗe ƙirƙira (ƙirƙira kyauta)

Ciki har da nau'ikan guda uku: rigar yashi mai yashi, busasshiyar yashi, da ƙera yashi mai tauri;

②Ƙirƙirar yanayin rufewa

Simintin gyare-gyare na musamman ta amfani da yashi na ma'adinai na halitta da tsakuwa azaman babban kayan gyare-gyare (kamar simintin saka hannun jari, simintin laka, simintin harsashi na bita, simintin matsi mara kyau, ƙaƙƙarfan simintin, simintin yumbu, da sauransu);

③Sauran hanyoyin rarraba simintin gyare-gyare

Dangane da yanayin zafin nakasar, za a iya raba ƙirƙira zuwa ƙirƙira mai zafi (sauran zafin jiki sama da yanayin recrystallization na ƙarfen billet), ƙirƙira mai dumi (ƙasa da zazzabi na recrystallization), da ƙirƙira sanyi (a ɗakin zafin jiki).

4. Kayayyakin ƙirƙira sune galibin ƙarfe na carbon da ƙarfe na ƙarfe tare da abubuwa daban-daban, sannan aluminium, magnesium, titanium, jan ƙarfe da kayan haɗin gwiwa. Jihohin asali na kayan sun haɗa da sanduna, ingots, foda na ƙarfe, da karafa na ruwa.

Matsakaicin yankin giciye na ƙarfe kafin nakasawa zuwa yanki mai ɓarna bayan nakasawa ana kiransa rabon ƙirƙira. Zaɓin daidaitaccen rabon ƙirƙira yana da alaƙa da haɓaka ingancin samfur da rage farashi.

Ganewa Tsakanin Simintin Ɗaukakawa da Ƙarfafawa:

Taɓa - Filayen simintin ya kamata ya kasance mai kauri, yayin da saman ƙirƙira ya zama mai haske

Duba - sashin ƙarfe na simintin yana bayyana launin toka da duhu, yayin da sashin ƙarfe na jabu ya bayyana azurfa da haske

Saurara - Saurari sautin, ƙirƙira tana da yawa, sautin yana ƙunshe bayan bugawa, kuma sautin simintin ba shi da kyau.

Nika - Yi amfani da injin niƙa don gogewa don ganin ko tartsatsin da ke tsakanin su biyun ya bambanta (yawanci ƙirƙira ya fi haske), da sauransu.